BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 221 



Adult male.— Wing, 171.5-186 (181.6); tail, 65-70 (68); exposed 

 culmen, 33-35.5 (34.5); tarsus, 47-52.5 (50); middle toe, 31-34 

 (32.4). « 



Adult female.— Whig, 148-154 (151.2); tail, 52-58.5 (54.7); exposed 

 culmen, 29.5-32 (31); tarsus, 38.5-43 (40.9); middle toe, 27-29 

 (28.3)." 



Europe, Asia, and Africa; breeding in northern and central Europe 

 and Asia, from the, British Islands eastward at least to the Taimyr 

 Peninsula, Siberia, and western Dauria, probably to Kamchatka, 

 including the Commander Islands, and from the Valley of the Danube 

 and the Kirghiz steppes to the Arctic coast; migrating southward to 

 southern Africa, Matleira and Canary Islands, northern. India, Burma, 

 and, rarely, Ceylon and Borneo (Labuan) ; occasional in eastern 

 North America (Maine, New Hampsliire, Massachusetts, llhode 

 Island, Long Island, District of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, 

 Ohio, Indiana, and Ontario*^); casual in Barbados and Dutch Guiana 

 (Surinam). 



[Tringa] pugnax Li>fN'.EUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 148 (Sweden; ex Fauna 

 Suecica, 175); ed. 12, i, 1766, 247. — Brunnich, Orn. Bor., 1764. 50. — Scopoli, 

 Bemerk. ed. Gunther, 1770, 113.— Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1789, 669.— 

 Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 725.— Turton, Syst. Nat., i, 1806, 402. 



Tringa pugnax Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 19 (PI. Enl., pi. 305).— Schaef- 

 FER, Mus. Oin., 1789, 52.— Temminck, Cat. Syst., 1807, 171; Man. d'Orn., ii, 

 1820, 631.— Bullock, Lond. Mus., 1813, 65.— Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. 

 Nat., xxxiv, 1819, 458, pi. B29, fig. 2.— Roux, Orn. Prov., 1825, pis. 290- 

 292.— Werner, Atlas, Grallatores, 1827, pi. 14.— Fox, Newcastle Mus., 1827, 

 87.— Fleming, Brit. Anim., 1828, 110.— Lesson, Traite d'Orn., 1831, 560.— 

 Menetries, Cat. Rais. Caucas., 1832, 51. — Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1834, 51 (Trebizond, Persia).— Nuttall, Man. Orn. \J. S. and Can., Water 

 Birds, 1834, 130 (Long Island, New York).— Kaup, Thierr., ii. pt. i, 1836, 

 318.— Ewer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1842, 93 (India).— Blyth, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., 1842, 94 (Europe; India).— Yarrell, Brit. Birds, ii, 1843, 573.— 

 ScHLEGEL, Rev. Crit., 1844, p. xci; Vog. Nederl., 1854, pi. 236; Dier. Nederl. 

 Vogels, 1861, pi. 23, figs. 5-8, 8a; Mus. Pays-Bas, v, no. 27 (Scolopaces), 1864, 

 51. — Harcourt, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1851, 146 (Madeira). — Passler, 

 Journ. fur Orn., 1853, 242 (Lapland). — Brown, Proc. Best. Soc. N. H., xii, 

 1869, 208 (Madeira).— Homeyer, Journ. fur Orn., 1870, 424 (e. Siberia).— 

 Blanford, East. Persia, ii, 1876, 284.— Legge, Ibis, 1878, 204 (Kirinde, 

 Ceylon, March). — Severtzow, Ibis, 1883, 75 (Kara-Kul and Rau-Kul lakes, 

 and Alichur River, centr. Asia). — Irby, Key List Brit. Birds, 1888, 48. — 

 Gatke, Vogelw. Helgoland, 1891, 526. 



Trynga pugnax Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., ii, 1826, 190. 



Pavoncella pugnax Leach, Syst. Cat. Mam., etc., Brit. Mus., 1816, 29. — Stejneger, 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v, 1882, 38 (crit. nomencl.); x, 1887, 133 (Bering 

 Island); xiv, 1891, 492 (Giatoku, Hondo, Japan); xv, 1892, 292 (Yezo, 



o Ten specimens. 

 & Nine specimens. 



c For records for eastern North America see Deane, Auk, xxii, 1905, 410, and 

 Palmer (T. S.), Auk. xxiii, 1906, 98. 



