BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 133 



similar but paler and margined with white, the lateral ones broadly 

 edged with white; greater wing-coverts and secondaries tipped with 

 white; middle rectrices deep grayish brown, the other rectrices 

 becoming gradually paler, except subterminally, the outermost with 

 outer web white, and all, except middle pah, narrowly tipped with 

 white; longer primaries dusky, the shorter (proximal) ones becoming 

 gradually lighter grayish brown with basal portion of outer webs 

 white, the outermost with shaft white, the rest with shafts pale 

 grayish brown passing into whitish subterminally; bill black; iris 

 dark brown; legs grayish (in life), the toes darker. 



Adult female in summer. — Similar to the adult male and not always 

 distinguishable, but usually with general coloration duller; often 

 with black head-markings replaced, at least in part, by grayish 

 brown, the exterior portion of pileum much less (sometimes scarcely 

 at all) cinnamomeous, and cinnamon of chest paler. 



^Vinter iilumage. — Somewhat similar to the summer plumage but 

 without any cinnamon on chest, neck or pileum, the chest crossed by 

 an indistinct narrow band of grayish browii (broader and deeper in 

 color laterally), the black head-markings replaced by grayish brown. 



Young. — Much like the winter plumage but plumage more or less 

 suffused with buff and feathers of upper parts margined with huffy; 

 upper parts brownish gray (nearly mouse gray), the feathers more 

 or less distinctly margined terminally with a paler and more huffy 

 hue, these paler margins broad and very distinct on wing-coverts, 

 nearly obsolete on back; forehead (rather narrowly), supraloral and 

 postocular (supra-auricular) regioiis, dull huffy whitish or pale dull 

 huffy; loral, suborbital and auricular regions brownish gray, becoming 

 dusky immediately in front of eye; no black on head; malar region 

 and under parts huffy white, more or less strongly suffused or tinged 

 with buff on chest, the upper margin of which is shaded with grayish 

 brown, connecting the lateral patches (one on each side) of same; 

 otherwise essentially like adults. 



Downy young. — Sides of head (including a broad supraloral and 

 superciliary stripe) hindneck, and under parts white, slightly tinged 

 with pale grayish huffy, especially on breast and sides, the whole of 

 under parts immaculate; a loral line (from bill to eye), a postocular 

 streak, a small spot near middle of malar region, a larger spot beneath 

 suborbital region, an obliquely transverse bar on sides of iiape, and 

 a longitudinal stripe down middle of nape (the last widenmg pos- 

 teriorly), black; median portion of crown and occiput (broadly) 

 irregularly mottled with black and ciimamon or sajal brown; back, 

 rump, etc., hregularly but boldly marbled with black, cinnamon and 

 whitish, the markings more longitudinal on back, more transverse on 

 lower rump. 



