BIEDS OF NOKTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



137 



Young. — Similar to the winter plumage, but feathers of upper parts 

 margined terminally with whitish or huffy whitish. 



Downy young. — Upper parts very pale grayish buff, interrupted by 

 a white nuchal collar, the whole colored portion rather sparsely 

 mottled or irregularly spotted with black; forehead, hand-wing, and 

 under parts immaculate white; a dusky postocular streak. 



Adult male.— Wing, 101-108 (104.2); tail, 42-47 (44.9); culmen, 

 14.5-16 (15.1); tarsus, 22.5-25 (23.9); middle toe, 14-15.5 (14.7).« 



Adult female.— Wing, 100-105.5 (102.6); tail, 42-^4 (43.4); cul- 

 men, 13.5-15.5 (14.6); tarsus, 22-23.5 (22.9); middle toe, 13.5-15 

 (14.4).^ 



Breeding in western United States from Pacific Coast to Salt Lake 

 Valley, Utah (to south-central Kansas?), north to central Cahfornia, 

 south to northern Lower Cahfornia; wintering from southern Cah- 

 fornia southward along Pacific coast of Mexico (Mazatlan, Sinaloa), 

 Central America (Costa Rica) and South America to Peru (Chorillos; 

 Tambo Valley, Oct., Nov.) and Chile (Cavanche, May, Oct., Dec; 

 Valparaiso; Coquimbo, Straits Magellan, June); casual or occasional 

 iji Oregon, Washington (Grays Harbor), and Wyoming?. (Acci- 

 dental on Kadiak Island, Alaska ?) 



Measurements of C. alexandrinus (Charadrius alexandrinus Linnaeus; C. cantianus 

 Latham) are given for comparison, this being the Old World representative of C. 

 nivosus. Besides having longer wings, relatively shorter tail, and decidedly longer 

 tarsi and toes than C. nivosus, C. alexandrinus has a black loral stripe and other differ- 

 ences of coloration. 



