BIRDS OF NOETH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 



373 



Winter plumage- — Above plain grayish olive, or bronzy olive, with 

 a faint metallic gloss, the feathers with more or less distinct dusky 

 shaft-streaks, but without other markings except on wing-coverts, 

 which are more or less barred with dusky; under parts immaculate 

 white, faintly shaded across chest (more distinctly so laterally) 

 with brownish gray; otherwise as in summer. 



Young. — Similar to the winter plumage but wing-coverts, scapu- 

 lars, and upper tail-coverts narrowly barred, more or less distinctly 

 with pale buff and dusky; mandible dull purplish or livid flesh color 

 basall}" (in life). 



Downy young. — Above light brownish gray or drab, minutely 

 freckled with dusky; pileum with a median streak of black, extending 

 from middle of forehead tonaj:)c; a similar black streak down middle 

 of back and rump; sides of head (including suiDerciliary region)^ 

 sides of neck, chin, and throat grayish white, the rest of under parts 

 immaculate pure white; a very narrow streak of black from bill 

 to eye, sometimes interrupted on or near middle portion; a narrow 

 postocular streak of black, extending from eye to nape. 



Adult male.—Wmg, 89-105 (100.5); tail, 45-53 (49); exposed 

 culmen, 21.5-25.5 (23.6); tarsus, 19.5-24 (22^2); middle toe, 18-22 

 (19.4).'^ 



Adult feinale. —Wing, 100-109 (104); tail, 47-53 (50.4); exposed 

 culmen, 21.5-25 (23.6); tarsus, 21-25 (22.8) ;middle toe, 18-21 (19.7).^ 



Breeding nearly throughout temperate and subarctic North Amer- 

 ica, northward to tree limit in northwestern Alaska, northern Mac- 

 kenzie, central Keewatin, northern Ungava, and Newfoundland, 

 southward to southern California, Arizona, southern Texas, southern 

 Louisiana, and northern South Carolina; migrating southward over 

 whole of Mexico, Central America, West Indies, and South America, 

 as far as southern Brazil (Sao Paulo; Chapada, Mattogrosso), Bolivia 

 (San Francisco; lower Rio Beni) and Peru (Lima; Huambo; Tum- 

 bez; La Merced; Iluaynapata); liermudas (possibly breeding), Cocos 



" Eighteen specimens. 



b Seventeen specimens. 



