416 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



fig. 546.— ScLATER, Pror. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, 387 (Falkland Islands).— 



Abbott, Ibis, 1861, 156 (Falkland Islands).— Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1870, 308 



(Ypanema). 

 [Numenius] brerirostris Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1870, 457. 

 Numenius microrhynchus Philippi and Landbeck, Wiegmann's Archiv fiir 



Naturg., 1866, i, 129 (Chiloe, Chile). 

 [Numenius] microrhjnchus Gray, Hand-list, iii, 1871, 43, no. 10256. 

 (?) Tringa campestris Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxxiv, 1819, 454 



(Paraguay; based on Chorlito campesino Azara, Apunt. Parag., iii, 1803, 310). 

 {?)T[ringa] campestris Vieillot, Tabl. Enc. Meth., iii, 1823, 1087. 

 [Numeiiius] hemirhynchus "Teram[inck]" Bonaparte, Excursions divers Mus., 



etc., 1856, 17 (nomen nudum). 

 Numenius hudso7iicus (not of Latham) Peabody, Rep. Orn. Mass., 1839, 366. 



Family PHALAROPODID^. 



THE PHALAROPES. 



=Phalaropodinse Bonaparte, Saggio distr. Anim. Vertebr., 1831, 59. — Sclater 

 and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 144. — Stejneger, Standard Nat. Hist., 

 iv, 1885, 107, in text.— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxiv, 1896, xii, 91, 

 693; Hand-list, i, 1899, xvi, 167. — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 

 Aves, iii, 1903, 394. 



=Fhalaropodidie Cassin, in Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 689, 705. — • 

 Carus, Handb. Zool., i, 1868, 336.— Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 247; 

 2d ed., 1884, 612.— Ridgway, Ann. Lye. N. Y., x, 1874, 385; Bull. Ills. 

 State Labr. Nat. Hist., no. 4, 1881, 197; Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 143.— 

 Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Water Birds N. Am., i, 1884, 108, 325. — 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886, 145; 3rd ed., 1910, 

 107.— Oberholser, Outl. Classif. N. Am. Birds, 1905, 2. 



"^Phalaropodidse Bonaparte, Saggio distr. Anim. Vertebr., 1831, 59 (includes 

 Rec urvirostridse) . 



Small natatorial Charadrii with tarsi excessively compressed, toes 

 margined laterally with a conspicuous, usually lobed or scalloped 

 membrane, and plumage of under parts very dense, gull-like. 



The Phalaropodidee are small sandpiper-like birds which differ 

 conspicuously from the Scolopacidse and allied groups in their lobed 

 or scalloped-margined toes and greatly compressed tarsi, the plumage 

 being at the same time more full and compact, like that of the 

 coots, gulls, and petrels. These characters are mainly adaptive, 

 and enable the Phalaropes to swim with ease. In fact, they are as 

 much at home upon the surface of the water, even that of the ocean, 

 as are any of the true so-called swimming birds. 



The family is restricted, during the breeding season, to the northern 

 portions of the northern hemisphere (one species, however, breeding 

 much farther southward in the western United States), and is very 

 limited in the number of its species, of which only three are known, 

 referable to three genera. All of them occur in America, one of them 

 being peculiar, the other two occurring in Europe and Asia also. 



