396 BULLETIN 50^ UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 



half (sometimes two-thirds or more) of maxiha ; loral and mahir antise 

 on same vertical line or the former slightly posterior to the latter, 

 or (in P. tahitiensis) the loral antia decidedly anterior to the malar 

 antia; mental antia extending nearly if not quite to anterior end of- 

 nostrils; frontal antia forming a deeply concave line across base of 

 culmen. Wing ample, pointed, the outermost primary longest and 

 exceeding distal secondaries by decidedly more than half the length 

 of wing; tertials elongated, but the longest faUing short of tips of 

 three longest primaries. Tail nearly two-fifths as long as wing (some- 

 times longer, sometimes, shorter, than exposed culmen), slightly 

 rounded, sometimes with middle pair of rectrices slightly shorter 

 than next pair; rectrices, 12. Tarsus decidedly less than twice as 

 long as middle toe without claw, transversely scutellate anteriorly, 

 covered with hexagonal scales posteriorly; bare portion of tibia 

 shorter than middle toe without claw, covered all around with hex- 

 agonal scales; lateral toes decidedly shorter than middle toe, equal, 

 or the outer toe slightly longer than the inner; hallux well developed 

 but slender, elevated, decidedly shorter than basal phalanx of middle 

 toe; interdigital spaces webbed basally, the web between middle 

 and outer toes extending for length of basal phalanx of the latter, 

 that between middle and inner toes slightly smaller; all the anterior 

 toes margined laterally by a distinct tumid membrane. 



Coloration. — Pileum deep grayish brown or sooty, divided longitudi- 

 nally by a median line of pale buffy and bordered along each side by 

 broad superciliary stripe of the same narrowly streaked with dusky; 

 a grayish brown or dusky loral and postocular stripe; general color 

 of upper parts grayish brown, more or less varied with paler edgings 

 or spotting; sides of head and neck, foreneck, and chest pale brown- 

 ish buffy, streaked with grayish brown or dusky, the chin, upper 

 throat, abdomen, etc., immaculate buff or buffy white; one species 

 with rump white. 



Range. — Northern parts of northern hemisphere in summer, nearly 

 cosmopolitan during migration. (Three species.) 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF PH.EOPUS. 



a. Feathers of thighs without bristle-like tij^s; tail grajdsh brown, narrowly and 

 sometimes indistinctly barred with darker. 

 b. Rump, axillars, and under wing-coverts white, or prevailingly white. 

 {Phieopus }->ha'opus.) 

 c. Rump immaculate white or with only a few (mostly concealed) darker mark- 

 ings; axillars more narrowly and more sparsely barred; size averaging larger 

 (wing averaging 237.7 in male, 240.5 in female; exposed culmen 81.2 in male, 

 82.8 in female; tarsus 56.7 in male, 59.6 in female). (Northern Europe in 

 summer; south to Africa, India, etc., in winter; occasional in Greenland; 



accidental in Nova Scotia.) Phaeopus phaeopus phaeopus (p. 397). 



cc. Rump always more or less (sometimes heavily) spotted; axillars more heavily 

 and extensively barred; size averaging smaller (wing averaging 227 in male, 



