538 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Breeding in central and southern Europe and eastward to China 

 (but not in Japan); migrating southward over whole of Africa and 

 southern Asia, Malay AiThipelago, etc., to Australia and New Zealand ; 

 accidental in Wisconsin (Lake Koshkonong, July 5, 1873) " and 

 Barbados, Lesser Antilles (Oct. 24, 1888). 



(?) [Sterna] fissipes Linn^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 228 (s. Europe; based 

 essentially on Sterna nigra Brisson, Orn., vi, 1760, 211, pi. 20, fig. 1). — 

 Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1789, 610. 



(?) Sterna fissipes Muller, Syst. Nat., Suppl., 177G, 354. 



Sterna fissipes Pallas, Zoogr. Eosso-Asiat., ii, 1826, 338 (excl. syn.). — Ayres, 

 Ibis, 1871, 267 (Transvaal). 



Hydrochelidon fissipes Boie, Isis, 1844, 184. — Taczanowski, Bull. Soc. Zool. 

 France, 1876, 262 (e. Siberia). — Radde, Orn. Caucas., 1884, 488. — Brusina, 

 Orn. Croatia, 1889, 92. 



(?) [Sterna] cinerea Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1789, 607 (Italy; based on L'Hi- 

 rondelle de mer, cendree Brisson, Orn., vi, 1760, 210=young). — Latham, 

 Index Orn., ii, 1790, 808. 



(?) Sterna cinerea Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxxii, 1819, 167. 



Sterna leucoptera Temminck, Man. d'Orn., 1815, 483 (shores of Mediterranean 

 Sea; Swiss lakes, etc.); 2d ed., 1820, 747. — ^Meisner and Schinz, Vog. 

 Schweiz, 1815, 264.— Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxxii, 1819, 169; 

 Tabl. Enc. Meth., i. 1820, 348; Faun. Fran?., Ois., 1828, 397, pi. 160, fig. 2.— 

 Brehm, Beitr. Vogelk., iii, 1822, 676.— Werner, Atlas, PalmipMes, 1828, 

 pi. 12.— Lesson, Traite d'Orn., 1831, 622.— Savi, Orn. Tosc, iii, 1831, 83.— 

 Gould, Birds Europe, v, 1837, pi. 423 and text. — -Naumann, Vog. Deutschl., 

 x, 1840, 214, pi. 257.— Schinz, Europ. Faun., 1840, 375.— Schlegel, Rev. 

 Crit., 1844, p. cxxxi. — Muhle, Orn. Griechenl., 1844, 147. — Yarrell, Brit. 

 Birds, 1st Suppl., 1845, 527; Brit. Birds, 2d ed., iii, 1845, 527.— Reichenbach, 

 Natatores, 1848, pi. 20, figs. 803-806.— Degland, Ois. Eur., ii, 1849, 351.— 

 Thompson, Birds Ireland, iii, 1851, 307. — Baldamus, Naumannia, 1851, 

 Heft iv, 47 (Hungary, breeding). — Brandt, in Lehmann's Reis. Buchara, 

 1852, 330 (Trans-Ural steppe).— Kjaerbolling, Danm. Fugle, 1852, 332, pi. 

 60B; Suppl., 1854, pi. 21, figs. 3, 4.— Heuglin, Syst. Ueb., 1856, 71 (Egypt; 

 Nubia). — Meyer, Brit. Birds, vii, 1857, 105, pi. 296. — Lindermayer, Vog. 

 Griechenl., 1860, 181.— Jaeckel, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, 300 (crit.).— Powys, 

 Ibis, 1861, 357 (Corfu).— Wright, Ibis, 1864, 153 (Malta).— Dybowski, 

 Journ. fur Orn., 1868, 338 (Daiu-ia).- Elwes and Buckley, Ibis, 1870, 338 

 (Epirus). — IIomeyer, Journ. fiir Orn., 1870, 439 (e. Siberia). — Harting, 

 Handb. Brit. Bii'ds, 1872, 169.— Buckley, Ibis, 1874, 391 (Transvaal).— 

 Seebohm, Ibis, 1882, 231 (Kirghis Steppes); Hist. Brit. Birds, iii, 1885, 257.— 

 Stevenson and Southwell, Birds Norfolk, iii, 1890, 316. — Hartlaub, 

 Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, xii. Heft ii, 1892, 334 (Tientsin, China). 



St[€rna] leucoptera Keyserling and Blasius, Wirb. Eur., 1840, pp. xcviii, 248. 



Hydrichelidon leucoptera Boie, Isis, 1S22, 563. — 'Brehm, Vog. Deutschl., 1831, 

 796; Naumannia, 1855, 295; Vogelf., 1855, 350.— Bonaparte, Cat. Ucc. Eur., 

 1842, 77. — Reichenbach, Syst. Nat., 1850, pi. 4; Av. Syst. Nat., Longi- 

 pennes, 1852, p. v. — Macgillivray, Brit. Birds, v, 1852, 661. — Schrenck, 



" There is also a record of "six of these birds seen on a small lake near the source 

 of the western branch of Swan River [Manitoba] on September 1, 1881;" but as no 

 specimens were ol>tained the record can not be considered a valid one. (See Seton, 

 Auk, iii, 1886, 148.) 



