BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 591 



Breeding on coasts of Greenland (from southern end to la 5. 70° 

 or farther on western side), westward to Cambridge Bay, Victoria 

 Land and Boothia Peninsula, eastward to Jan Maj^en Land, occurring 

 as far northward as lat. 81° 40' (Fort Conger, May 19 and June 5); 

 migrating southward as far as Massachusetts (Boston Harbor, Jan. 

 31, 1880, Feb., 1881), Connecticut (Stamford, Feb. 16 and March 3, 

 1894), New York (Rockaway Beach, Long Island, Feb. 6, 1898; Rye, 

 March 3, 1894; near Brockport, Sept. 10, 1899; Lansingburg, Nov. 

 21, 1888; Oswego, Dec. 28, 1899; Peterboro, Feb. 1, 1884; Ithaca, 

 March 17, 1897; Rochester, April 14, 1904), Ohio (Lorain, Dec. 22, 

 1888), Ontario (Toronto, Doc. 2, 1898; Port Sydney, April 6, 1898), 

 Michigan (Sault Ste. Marie), northeastern Illinois (Lake Michigan, near 

 Chicago, "regular winter resident"), and Nebraska (Dorchester, Jan. 

 15, 1907), in Europe southward to Iceland, Shetland and Faroe 

 islands, Scotland, England (Lincolnshire), Wales (Towyn), Cornwall 

 (Mounts Bay), Norway, Baltic Sea (rarely) and coast of France 

 (Gulf of Gascony in severe winters). 



Larus argentatus (not of Pontoppidan, 1763) Sabine, Trans. Linn. See, xii, 1819, 

 546. 



Larus leucoptenis Faber, Prodr. Isl. Orn., 1822, 91 (Iceland). — Brehm, Beitr. 

 Vogelk., iii, 1822, 817; Lehi-b., 1824, 715; Ornis, Heft ii, 1826, 137 (Elbe). 

 —Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828, 361; Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 

 63. — Kaup, Natiirl. Syst., 1829, 28. — Swainson and Richardson, Fauna 

 Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 4ft.— Lesson, Traite d'Orn., 1831, 617.— Nuttall, Man. 

 Orn. U. S. and Can., Water Bu'ds, 1834, 305. — Audubon, Orn. Biog., iii. 

 1835, 553, pi. 282; Synopsis, 1839, 327; Birds Am., 8vo ed., vii, 1844, 159, pi. 

 447.— Eyton, Cat. Brit. Birds, 1836, 53.— Schinz, Europ. Fauna. 1840, 378.— 

 Temminck, Man. d'Orn., 2d. ed., pt. 4, 1840, 467. — Werner, Atlas, Palmipedes, 

 1840, pi. 19.— Naumann, Vog. Deutschl., x, 1840, 367, pi. 265.— Macgilli- 

 VRAY, Man. Brit. Orn., pt. ii, 1842, 247; Brit. Birds, v, 1852, 566.— Selys- 

 LoNGCH.AMPS, Faune Beige, 1842, 154.— Yarrell, Brit. Bii'ds, i, 1843, p. 

 xi (Lincolnshire, England). — Schlegel, Rev. Crit., 1844, p. cxxv; Vog. 

 Nederl., 1854, 595, pi. 342; Dier. Nederl. Vogels, 1861, 234; Mus. Pays-Bas, 

 vi, no. 23 (Lari), 1864, 5.— Degland, Orn. Eur., ii, 1849, 310.— Kjaer- 

 BOLLiNG, Danm. Fugle, 1852, 340, pi. 41; Suppl., 1854, pi. 22, figs. 1, 2.— 

 Hewitson, Eggs Brit. Birds, ii, 1856, 498, pi. 139, figs. 1, 2.— Lawrence, 

 in Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 843; Auk, i, 1884, 240 (Peterboro. 

 New York, Feb. 1, 1884.)— Baird, Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 658.— Rein- 

 HARDT, Ibis, 1861, 17 (Greenland).— CouES, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 

 294 (monogr.); Check List, 1873, no. 544; 2d ed., 1882, no. 769; Birds North- 

 west, 1874, 622 (monogr.)— Gray, Cat. Brit. Birds, 1863, 230.— Newton, 

 in Baring-Gould's Iceland, 1863, 418. — Degland and Gerbe, Orn. Eur., 

 ii, 1867, 411.— FRiTSCH,Vog. Eur., 1870, 473, pi. 56, fig. 6.— Droste, Journ. 

 fijr Orn., 1809, 386 (Faroe Islands).- Harting, Handb. Brit. Birds, 1872, 77.— 

 Palmen, Finlands Fogl., 1873, 589 (Finland?); 'Vega '-Exped. Vetensk., 1887, 

 369, foot note (not found in Siberia or Bering Sea). — Finsch, Abh. Nat. 

 Ver. Bremen, v, 1873, 364 (s. Greenland). — Collett, Forh. Selsk. Chrie- 

 tiania, 1873, 293 (n. Norway). — Harvie-Brown, Proc. N. H. Soc. Glasgow, 

 1873, 210 (Forth, Scotland).— Newton, Arctic Man., 1875, 106 (Greenland).— 

 Dresser, Birds Europe, viii, 1876, 439, pi. 606. — Nelson, Bull. Nutt. Orn. 



