I 



BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 787 



1839, 343; Birds Am., 8vo. ea., ^di, 1844, 238, pi. 464.— Macgillivray, Brit. 

 Birds, V, 1852, 365.— Sciiinz, Nat. Vog., 1853, 344.— Coue;?, Proc. Ac. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila., 1861, 251 (coast Labrador; habits, etc.). — Fitzinger, Atlas Nat. 

 Yog., 1864, fig. 4. — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vlii, 1867, 300 (vicinity New 

 York City).— Fritscii, Nat. Vog. Eur., 1870, 492, pi. 57, fig. 4.— Palmen, 

 Jonrn. fur Orn., 1876, 65 (Finland).— Maynard, Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 

 498.— Samuels, Nests and Eggs N. Am. Birds, 1883, 566.— Sundevall, 

 S\ensk. Fogl., iii, 1885, 972, pi. 52, fig. 1. 



Mormon arctica Cassin, in Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv.,ix, 1858, 903. — Baird, 

 Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 715.— Reinhardt, Journ. fur Orn., 1854, 442 

 (Greenland). — -Verrill, Proc. Essex Inst., iii, 1862, 160 (coast Maine, resi- 

 dent; breeding on islands about Grand Menan~) . 



L[iinda] arctica Keyserling and Blasius, Wirb. Eur., 1840, pp. xcii, 236. 



Lunda arctica Naumann, Vog. Deutschl., xii, 1844, 577, pi. 335. — Schlegel, Mus. 

 Pays. Bas, vi, no. 33 (Urinatores), 1867, 28. — Brandt, M^lang. Biol., \ai, 

 1869, 241. 



Asia artica Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 17, pi. 275. 



[Alca] dcleta BRtJNNicir, Orn. Bor., 1764, 25 (Iceland ; = young). 



[Alca] labradorica Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1789, 550 (Labrador; based on 

 Labrador Auk. Pennant, Arct. Zool., ii, p. 512;=young). — Bonnaterre, 

 Tabl. Encycl. M^th., i, 1790, 33. 



Alca labradorica Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., x\dii, 1817, 333. 



[.4?ca] labradora Latham, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 793. 



Alca canogularis Meyer and Wolf, Tascheub. Vog. Deutschl., 1810, 442. 



Mormon fratercula Temminck, Man. d'Orn., 1815, 614; 2d ed., pt. ii, 1820, 933; 

 pt. iv, 1840, 580.— Meyer, App. to Meyer and Wolf's Taschenb., 1822, 177.— 

 ScHiNz, Nat. Abbild. Vog., 1833, 372, pi. 130; Eur. Faun., i, 1840, 362.— IIoL- 

 BOLL, Naturhist. Tidskr., iv, 1843, 456 (Greenland). — Kjaerbolling, Danm. 

 Fugle, 1852, 412, pi. 53, fig. 3.— Lutken, Ornis. 1885, 142; 1886, 97 (Den- 

 mark). — TscHusi and Homeyer, Ornis, 1886, 174 (local names). — Grondal, 

 Ornis, 1886, 367, 613 (Iceland); 1887, 600, 602, 006.— Koemg. Journ. fur Orn., 

 1893, 105 (Tunis). 



Mormon polaris Bremm, Isis, 1826, 985 (Greenland); Handb. Vog. Deutschl., 

 1831, 999. 



Mormon grabae Brehm, Handb. Vog. Deutschl., 1831, 999, pi. 46, fig. 1 (Faroes, 

 etc.). — Olphe-Galliard, Ibis, 1875, 267. — Vian, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i, 

 1876, 4. 



Uria troilc (not Colymhus troille Linnaeus) Wright, Ibis, 1864, 42, 157 (Malta). 



Mormon glacialis Temminck, Man. d'Orn., 2d ed., pt. ii, 1820, 933; ed. 1840, pt. 

 iv, 579 (northern coasts of America). — -Werner, Atlas Ois. Eur., 1828, pi. 

 100.— Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828 ("SATiopsis"), 429; Geog. and 

 Comp. List, 1838, 66.— Brehm, Ilandb. Vog. Deutschl., 1831, 998.— Nut- 

 tall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., Water Birds, 1834, 541.— Cassin, in Baird, 

 Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 903.— Baird, Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, 

 no. 714.— Fritsch, Nat. Vog. Eur., 1870, 493. — Heuglin, Journ. fiir Orn., 

 1871, 105 (n. Europe). 



Fratercula glacialis Stepue-^s, Shaw's Gen. Zool., xiii, pt. 1, 1826, 40, pi. 4, fig. 2. — 

 Gray, List Birds Brit. Mus., iii, Anseres, 1844, 153.— Degland, Orn. Eur., 

 ii, 1849, 523, part.— Reinhardt, Ibis, 1861, 15 (Greenland).— Coues, Proc. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 23 (monogr.).— Elliot, Illustr. New and Unfig. 

 N. Am. Birds, ii, 1869, pi. 65 and text.— Brooke, Ibis, 1873, 348 (Sardinia).— 

 Bureau, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, ii, 1877, 393, pi. 5, figs. 1, 2 (molt of orna- 

 ments of bill).— Pearson, Ibis, 1898, 207 (Novaya Zemlya). 



