BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 569 



1864, 131; Faun. Ital., Ucc, 1872, 291; Ucc. Ital., 1887, 289.— Blasius, 

 Journ. fiir Orii., 1865, 384 (crit.). — Godman, Ibis, 1866, 103 (A.zores); Azores, 



1870, 38.— LocHE, Expl. Sci. Alg^r., Ois., ii, 1867, 185.— Gillett, Ibis, 1870, 

 306 (Novaya Zemlya).— Frithch, Voi,'. Eur., 1870, 464, pi. 56, fig. 9.— Blake- 

 Knox, Zoologist, n. s., 1870. 2119-2124 (plumages).— Saunder.s, Ibis, 



1871, 400 (Spun); 1884,391 (Gulf of Gascony); 1891,188 (Lake Leman, Switzer- 

 land); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1878, 163 (monogr.); Journ. Linn. Soc, xiv, 

 1878, 394 (range); ed. Yarrell's Hist. Brit. Birds, iii, 1884, 650; Man. Brit. 

 Birds, 1889, 667; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxv, 1896, 458, part.— Gould, Birds 

 Great Brit., v, 1873, pi. 61 and text.— Collett, Forh. Selsk. Christiania, 1873, 

 297 (n. Norway); N. Mag. Naturv., 1877, 211 (Norway).— Heuglin, Orn. 

 Nordost-Afr., Bd. ii, pt. 2, 1874, 1415 (Egypt, in winter).— I rby, Orn. Str. 

 Gibralt., 1875, 212.— Feilden, Ibis, 1877, 409 (Port Foulke. Smith Sound); 

 in Markham's Polar Reconn., 1881, 334 (Novaya Zemlya); Trans. Norwich 

 Soc, iii, 1881, 209 (Franz Josef Land); iv. 1887, 351 (Labrador).— Ridgway, 

 Field and Forest, ii, 1877, 210 (Boulder Co., Colorado, 1 spec, Dec); Proc- 

 U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 206 (Cat. N. Am. Birds, no. 658); Norn. N. Am. 

 Birds, 1881, no. 658.— Kumlien, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 15, 1879, 99 (Cum. 

 berlaud Sound).— Hart, Zoologist, 1880, 207 (78° N. lat.).— Giglioli, Ibis, 

 1881, 219 (Italian records); Avif. Ital., 1886, 427; 1 Resoc. Avif. Ital, 1889, 51; 

 2 Resoc, 1890, 660.— Chamberlain, Birds New Brunsw., 1882, 61; Auk, \'i, 

 1S89, 213 (s. Greenland).- Neale, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, 654 (Franz 

 Josef Land).— Merriam, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 241 (Point de Monts, 

 Quebec, breeding).— Brewster, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xxii, 1883, 398 

 (Birds Rock and Anticosti Island, breeding; habits). — Stearns, Proc U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., vi, 1878, 122 (Labrador). —Reid, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 25, 1884, 

 267 (Bermudas, frequent).— Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Water Birds 

 N. Am., ii, 1884, 202. part.— Torre and Tschusi, Ornis, 1885, 561 (Hun- 

 gary).— Albarda, Ornis, 1885, 630 (Holland).— American Ornithologists' 

 Union, Chock List, 1886, and 2d ed., 1895, no. 40.- Grondal, Ornis, 1886, 

 371 (Iceland). — Olphe-Galliard, Contr. Faun. Eur. Occid., fasc. x, 1886, 

 82. — Fischer and Pelzeln, Mitt. Orn. Ver. Wien, 1886, 211 (Jan Mayen 

 Land).- — Harvie-Brown and Buckley, Faun. Sutherl., etc., 1887, 234; 

 Faun. Outer Hebrides, 1888, 150; Faun. Argyll, etc., 1892, 133.— Schneider, 

 Ornis, 1887, 551 (upper Alsace).— Tait, Ibis, 1887, 396 (Portugal).— Taczanow- 

 SKi, Ornis, 1888, 508 (Poland).— Cooke, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 18S8, 55 

 (Great Lakes); Birds Col., 1897, 50 (Boulder Co., Colorado,«l spec).— Greely, 

 Rep. Exped. Lady Franklin Bay, ii. 1888, 22 (Fort Conger, Grinnell Land).— 

 Bishop, Auk, vi, 1889, 145 (Magdalen Islands, breeding). — Reichenow, 

 Syst. Verz. Vog. Deutschl., 1889, 62.— Brusina, Orn. Croatia, 1889, 94.— 

 Keller, Orn. Carinthiae, 1890, 302.— Clarke (W. E.), Zoologist, 1890, 48 

 (Jan Mayen Land, breeding; descr. nest and eggs); Ibis, 1892, 442-447 (devel- 

 opment of rudimentary hallux); 1898, 267 (Franz Josef Land, breeding; 

 habits). — Rives, Cat. Birds Virg., 1890, 41 (Cobbs Island, Virginia, rare in 

 winter). — Borrer, Birds Sussex, 1891, 273. — Hageuup, Birds Greenland, 

 1891, 46.— Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1892, 149 (Melville Bay); Birds 

 E. Penn.and N. J., 1894, 42.— Hartert, Ibis, 1892, 520 (e. Prussia, winter). 

 D 'Urban and Mathews, Birds Devon, 1892, 371.^Macpherson, Birds 

 Lakeland, 1892, 437.— Harting, Journ. fur Orn., 1893, 12 (Madeira Islands).— 

 White, Auk, x, 1893, 222 (Mackinaw Island, Michigan, migrant). — Blagg, 

 Ibis, 1893, 357 (Shetland Islands, breeding).— Meade-Waldo, Ibis, 1893, 206 

 (Canary Islands).— Lilford, Col. Figs. Birds Brit. Is., pt. xxiv, 1893; Birdg 

 Northampt., 1893, 406.— Bago, Auk, xi, 1894, 162 (Constantia, Oswego Co., 

 New York, Nov. 9, 1890).— Pearson and Bidwell, Ibis, 1894, 236 (n. Nor- 



