570 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



way). — UssHER, Proc. Koy. Irish. Acad. (3), iii, 1894, 410.— Mathew, Birds 

 Pembrokshire, 1894, 103.— Pearson, Ibis, 1896, 223 (Novaya Zemlya); 

 1898, 203 (Novaya Zemlya).— Woodruff, Auk,- xiv, 1897, 228 (Lincoln 

 Park, Chicago; no date).- — Trevor-Battye, Ibis, 1897, 593 (Spitzbergen). — 

 PossoN, Auk, xvi, 1899, 193 (Orleans Co., w. New York; no date). — Chap- 

 man, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., xii, 1899, 225 (Snow Bay, Greenland; Bird Rock, 

 Gulf St. Lawrence; descr. different stages of young; crit.; descr. nest). — 

 Fleming, Auk, xxiii, 1906, 442 (Toronto, Ontario, Oct., Nov., 1899).— 

 Kohler, Wilson Bull., xxii, 1910, 187 (Essex Co., New Jersey, flock of 12, 

 Feb. 22, 1903). 

 R [issa[ tridactyla Gray, Gen Birds, iii, 1846, 655. — Ridgway, Ann. Lye. N. Y., x, 

 1874, 293 (Illinois, on Lake Michigan, in winter); Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 

 25.— CouEs, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 748. 

 [Rissa] tridactyla Lichtenstein, Nom. Av. Mus. Berol., 1854, 99. — Bonaparte, 

 Compt. Rend., xlii, 1856, 771.— Gray, Hand-list, iii, 1871, 117, no. 11017.— 

 Forbes and Robinson, Bull. Liverp. Mus., ii, no. 2, 1899, 58, part. 

 [Rissa] tridactylus Bruch, Journ.fur Orn., 1853, 103 (monogr.); 1855, 284(monogr.). 



— Bonaparte, Consp. Av., ii, 1857, 225. 

 Rissa tridactylus Hartert and Grant, Novit. Zool., xii, 1905, 102 (San Miguel, 



Azores). 

 [Rissa tridactyla] a. tridactyla Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Water Birds N. 



Am., ii, 1884, 202. 

 Rissa tridactyla tridactyla Hantzsch, Journ. fur Orn., July, 1908, 321 (Labrador). 

 American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 3d ed., 1910, 35. — (?) Thayer 

 and Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, v, 1914, 9, in text (Chuan Bay, 

 e. Siberia, breeding).— Cooke, Bull. 292, U. S. Dept. Agric. (Biol. Surv.), 

 1915, 16, fig. 6 (range and migrations). 

 Larus (Rissa) tridactylus Droste, Vogelw. Borkum, 1869, 344. — Heuglin, Journ. 

 fur Orn., 1872, 125 (Arctic Europe).— Coues, Birds Northwest, 1874, 644. 

 Rissa trydactila Coues, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, 247 (Eskimo Bay, Labra- 

 dor, Aug.). 

 Xema tridaclylum Jaubert and Barthelemy-Lapommeraye, Rich. Orn. Fr., 



1859, 393. 

 [Larus] rissa Brunnich, Orn. Bor., 1764, 42 (Iceland and Christiansoe Island, Nor- 

 way; occurs also near Hafnia). — Linn.^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 224. 

 FMrus rissa Phipps, Voy. North Pole, App., 1774, 187.— Bechstein, Naturg. 

 Deutschl., ii, 1791, 804.— Leach, Syst. Cat. Brit. Mus., 1816, 40; in J. Ross's 

 Voy. Baffin Bay,8vo ed.,ii, App., 1819, 159.— Scoresby, Arctic Voy., i, 1820, 

 534.— Fleming, Brit. Anim., 1828, 141.— Selby, Brit. Birds, ii, 1833, 493, 

 pi. 94.— Gould, Birds Europe, v, 1837, pi. 435 and text.— Meyer, Brit. 

 Birds, \'ii, 1857, 139, pi. 305.— Huxley, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 430, 

 fig. 2 (skull). 

 Rissa rissa Sharpe, Hand-list, 1, 1899, 143, part. 



Rissa rissa rissa Schalow, Vogel der Arktis, 1904, 138 (synommay, range, etc.). 

 Laroides rissa Brehm, Vog. Deutschl., 1831, 755. 

 [Larus] nxvius Linn/eus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 225 (Europe).— Schafper, 



Mus. Orn., 1789, 64. 

 Larus albus (not of Gunnerus, 1707) Muller, Natursystems, Suppl., 1776, 108 

 (based on Mouette cendree tacheice Brisson, Orn., vi, 1760, 185, pi. 17, fig. 2). 

 Larus cinerarius (not of Linnaeus) Fabricius, Fauna Groenlandica, 1780, 101 



(= winter plumage). 

 [Larus] rigaGuELUi, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1789, 594 (Boreal America, Europe, and 

 Asia; founded on Larus rissa Brunnich, Orn. Bor., 1764, 42, no. 140, etc.). 



