BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 571 



Larus riga Lesson, Traite d'Orn., 1831, 619. 



Lams torquatus Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., ii, 1826, 328 (Baltic and "VNTiite Seas). 

 Larus gavia Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., ii, 1826, 329 (Baltic and \Miite Seas). 

 Rissa brunnichii Stephens, Shaw's Gon. Zool., xiii, pt. 1, 1826, 181, pi. 21 (Arctic 



Circle). 

 Laroides minor Brehm, Vog. Deutschl., 1831, 756 (n. Europe). 

 Rissa minor Brehm, Vogelf., 1855, 341 (Europe); Naumannia, 1855, 294. 

 Rissa clnerea Eyton, Cat. Brit. Birds, 1836, 52. 

 Risa borealis Brehm, Vogelf., 1855, .341 (Greenland, rare in Europe); Naumannia, 



1855, 294. 

 Rissa gregaria Brehm, Vogelf., 1855, 341 (Europe); Naumannia, 1855, 294. 



RISSA TRIDACTYLA POLLICARIS Stejneger. 



PACIFIC KITTIWAKE. 



Similar to R. t. tndactyla, but hallux rarely obsolete, usually dis- 

 tinct often with an obvious claw ; black on outer webs of second and 

 third primaries (from outside) usually extending not so far along edge 

 from tips, and size averaging decidedly larger (except feet). 



Adult male.—Wmg, 309-330 (323.6); tail, 125-142 (135.1); 

 exposed culmen, 38-42 (40); tarsus, 31-36 (33.9); middle toe, 

 39-45 (40.9).'^ 



Adult female.— Wmg, 313-327 (320.6); tail, 127-135.5 (131.3); 

 exposed culmen, 36-43 (39.1); tarsus, 32-35 (33.7); middle toe, 

 39-42 (40).^ 



Breeding on islands and coasts of Bering Sea and adjacent portions 

 of Arctic and northern Pacific Oceans, northeastward to Herald Island, 

 Cape Lisburne, Icy Cape, and Point Barrow (rarely), southward to 

 Cook Inlet (Seldovia) — probably to Yakutat Bay — Shumagin 

 Islands and more eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and Commander 

 Islands, Kamchatka, westward, along xirctic coast, to Koliutschin 

 Islands and Chaun Bay, Siberia; migrating southward to southern 

 California (San Diego Bay), Lower California (San Geronimo Island; 

 Los Coronados Islands), and Japan (Yezo; Tokyo; Saghalin Island, 

 July; Kuril Islands). 



Larus ryssa (not L. rissa Briinnich, 1764) Pallas, Spicil. Zool., v, 1769, 28. 



Larus rissa Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., ii, 1826, 321 (Kamchatka). 



[/Jissa] rissa Sharpe, Hand-list, i, 1899, 143, part. 



Larus tridactylus (not of Linnecns) Kittlitz, Isis, 1832, 1104 (n. w. North America); 

 Denkw. Reise Russ. Am. Mikron. and Kamtschatka, i, 1858, 248; ii, 1858, 

 225. — CoiNDE, Rev. et Mag. deZool., 1860, 401 (Aleutian Islands). — Blaki- 

 STON and Pryer, Ibis, 1878, 217 (Yezo and Tokyo, Japan). — Adams, Ibis, 

 1878, 440 (St. Michaels, Alaska; habits).— Seebohm, Ibis, 1879, 24; 1884, 32 

 (Kuril Islands); Birds Japanese Emp., 1890, 294. — Blakiston, Amend. 

 List Birds Japan, 1884, 34.— Schalow, .Tourn. fiir Orn., 1891, 263 (Sitka, 

 Alaska) . 



o Eleven specimens. *> Five specimens. 



