BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 573 



Koliuclun Islands, n. e. Siberia); Auk, xxxix, 1916, 44 (Saghalin Island, 



Japan, July).— Cooke, Bull. 292, U. S. Dept. Agric. (Biol. Surv.), 1915, 



19, fig. 6 (range and migrations). — Grinnell (J.), Pacific Coast Avif., no. 11, 



1915, 21 (winter visitant, south to San Diego). — Brook.s (W. S.), Bull. Mus. 



Comp. Zool., lix, 1915, .375 ((Commander Islands and e. coast Kamchatka, 

 * May; e.. coast Sil)eria; Bering Straits). — Gianini, AuIc, xxxiv, 1917, 397 



(Stepovak Bay, Alaska Peninsula, breeding). 

 i?[ma] tridactyla pnllicaris Ridqway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 25. 

 Rissa tridactyla (pollicaris?) Lawrence (R. H.), Auk, ix, 1892, 353 (Gray's Harbor, 

 ; Washington, flock, Feb. 12). 



Larus (Rissa) iridactylus . . . pollicaris Palmen, 'Vega ' Exped., v, 1887, 358 (n. e. 



Siberia). 

 Rissa pollicaris Stejneger, Auk, v, July, 1888, 310, in text. — Grinnell, Pacific 



Coast Avifauna, no. 3, June, 1902, 11 (California range). 

 Rissa brevirostris (not of Brandt) Lawrexce, in Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., 



ix, 1858, 855, part. 

 Larus canus (not of Linnaeus) Linton, Condor, ix, 1907, 110 (.Vlamitos Bay, Los 



Angeles Co., California, April 14). 



RISSA BREVIROSTRIS (Bruch). 



RED-LEGGED KITTIWAKE. 



Adults in summer (sexes alike). — Head, neck, ,riimp, upper tail- 

 coverts, tail, and entire under parts immaculate pure white; back, 

 scapulars, and wings plain neutral gray, the secondaries broadly 

 tipped with white; outermost primary with outer web black, the 

 next mostly (sometimes wholly) black, the next three black subter- 

 minally (the black decreasing from about 63-64 mm. on the third to 

 about 19 mm. on the fifth), the tip of each gray, like back, etc.; proxi- 

 mal primaries neutral gray, their inner webs broadly edged, their 

 outer webs tipped with white, the sixth (from outside) usually with 

 a black subterminal spot on outer web ; bill lemon or chrome jellow, 

 slightly tinged with greenish terminally; rictus and inside of mouth 

 orange-red or vermilion (in life) ; iris dark brown ; naked eye-ring 

 vermilion red (in life) ; legs and feet vermilion red (yellowish in dried 

 skins) . 



Winter plumage.— Similar to the summer plumage, but hindnock 

 tinged with neutral gray and auricular region with a transverse spot 

 or bar of the same. 



Young. — Similar to adults but nape crossed by a broad band of 

 gra^dsh black or blackish slate, auricular region with a transverse 

 spot or band of the same, and a suffusion of blackish in front of eye; 

 primary coverts and ohter webs of three or four outer primaries 

 black, but no other black on wings and none on tail; bill black or 

 dusky; legs and feet brownish. 



Downy young. — Head, neck, wings and under parts immaculate 

 white, the neck and base of wings more or less tinged with buff; back, 

 rump, and flanks yellowish gray, the down darker basally. (Appar- 

 ently identical in coloration with the same stage of R. tridactyla.) 



