578 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Lams eburneus Phipps, Voy. North Pole, App., 1774, 187 (coast of Spitzbergen). — 

 BoNNATERRE, Tabl. Enc. Meth., i, 1790, 87. — Temminck, Man. d'Orn., 1815, 

 498; 2d ed., 1820, 769; pt. 4, 1840, 474.— Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., 

 xxi, 1818, 494; Faun. Fran?., 1828, 389.— Nilsson, Orn. Suecica, 1817, 171.— 

 O'Reilly, Greenland, 1818, 142.— Sabine (E.), Trans. Linn. Soc, xii, 1819, 

 348 (Baffin Bay); Parry's First Voy., Suppl., 1821, p. cciv (Davis Strait). — 

 Leach, in Thompson's Ann. Philos., xiii, 1819, 61 (Baffin Bay); in Ross* 

 Voy. Baffin Bay, App., ii, 1819, p. liv; 8vo. ed., ii, 1819, 160.— Scoresby, 

 Arctic Voy., i, 1820, 535 (Spitzbergen).— Manby, Voy. Greenl., 1822, 50.— 

 Brehm, Lehrb., 1824, 703. — Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool., xiii, pt. 1, 1826) 

 195.— Ross (J. C), Parry's Thu-d Voy., App., 1826, 104 (Davis Strait and 

 Baffin Bay); Parry's Fourth Voy., App., 1828, 194 (Spitzbergen and north- 

 ward). — Werner, Atlas Palmipedes, 1828, pis. 21, 22. — Bonaparte, Ann- 

 Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828 (Sj^nopsis), 360. — Swainson and Richardson, Fauna 

 Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 419.— Lesson, Traite d'Orn., 1831, 618.— Selby, Brit. Birds, 

 ii, 1833, 497, pi. 94.— Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., Water Buds, 1834, 

 301.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., iii, 1835, 571, pi. 287; Synopsis, 1839, 326; 

 Birds Am., 8vo. ed., vii, 1844, 150, pi. 445. — ^Jenyns, Man. Brit. Vertebr., 

 1835, 276.— Eyton, Cat. Brit. Birds, 1836, 53.— Gould, Birds Europe, v, 

 1837, pi. 437 and text.— Naumann, Vog. Deutschl., x, 1840, 341, pi. 263; 

 Anhang, 1860, 277.— Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Bu-ds, iii, 1843, 449; 2d ed., iii, 

 1845, 567.— SchleCxEl, Rev. Crit., 1844, 126; Mus. Pays-Bas, vi, no. 23 (Lari), 

 1863, 6. — Degland, Orn. Eur., ii, 1849, 315. — Kjaerbolling, Danm. Fugle, 

 1852, 337, pi. 41; Suppl., 1854, pi. 22.— Carte, Journ. Roy. Dublin Soc, i, 

 1856, 57, pi. 1 (habits; egg).— Meyer, Brit. Bu'ds, vii, 1857, 143, pi. 306.— 

 MtiLLER, Vid. Medd., 1862 (1863), 72 (Faroe Islands).— Malmgren, Oefv.- 

 Ak. Forh. Stockholm, 1863, 102; 1864, 385 (Spitzbergen).— Hancock, Ibis, 

 1867, 253 (Islay Island).— Droste, Journ. fur Orn., 1869, 387 (Faroes).— Heug" 

 LiN, Journ. fiir Orn., 1871, 103 (n. Europe); Ibis, 1872, 65 (Matthews Strait and 

 west coast Novaya Zemlya). — Harting, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, 122 

 (Assistance Harbor, Barrow Straits, 74^° N., 74^° W.); Handb. Brit. Birds, 

 1872, 174.— Gray (R.), Bkds West Scotland, 1871, 481.— Palmen, Finlands 

 Foglar, 1873, 610. — Finsch, Abh. nat. Ver. Bremen, v, 1873, 365 (s. Green- 

 land). — CouES, Check List, 1873, no. 550. — Sundevall, GEfv. Ak. Forh., 

 1874, 21 (Spitzbergen).— [?] Swinhoe, Ibis, 1875, 140 (Chef oo, China; seen 

 only). — Bessels, Bull. Soc. Geogr. Paris, 1875, 298; Amerik. Nordpol" 

 Exped., 1879, 312 (Polaris Bay).— Bunge, Mel. Biol. Acad. St. Petersb., xii, 

 livT. 1, 1884, 49 (Lena delta, Siberia). — Seebohm, Ibis, 1882, 385 (Archangel, 

 Russia); Hist. Brit. Birds, iii, 1885, 337. — Millais, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1886, 137 (Thurso and East Haven, Caithness, Scotland). — Collett, Ibis, 

 1888,440, pi. 13 (Spitzbergen; descr. nest, eggs, and downy young); Tromso 

 Mus. Aarsheft., xiii, 1890, 187-196, with map (account of colony on Spitz- 

 bergen); Nyt Mag. Naturv., Bd. xxxv, 1894, 312 (Norway). — Gatke, 

 Vogelw. Helgoland, 1891, 582.— Walter, Journ. fur Orn., 1890, 238, 241, 

 244, 246, 247, 249, 250 (e. Spitzbergen).— Clarke (W. E.), Ibis, 1899, 48 

 (Whale Point Harbor, King Ludwig Islands, Ryk-ys Islands, King Charles 

 Islands, and Olga Straits, Spitzbergen). 



[Larus] eburneus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1789, 596. — Latham, Index Orn., 

 ii, 1790, 816.— Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 314. 



L[arus] eburneus Keyserling and Blasius, Wirb. Eur., 1840, pp. xcvi, 242. 



Larus eburnea Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1888, 292 (Spitzbergen; descr. 

 nest, eggs, and young). 



Gavia eburnea Boie, Isis, 1822, 563. — Brehm, Vog. Deutschl., 1831, 765. — Bona- 

 parte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 62; Cat. Ucc. Eur., 1842, 77. 



Gavia eburneus Boie, Isis, 1822, 876. 



