BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 587 



594, pis. 340, 341; Dier. Nedorl. Vogels, 1861, 234; Mus. Pays-Bas, vi, no. 23 

 (Lari), 1863, 4.— Hewitson, Eggs Brit. Birds, ii, 1846, 450, pi. 128, fig. 2.— 

 Degland, Orn. Europ., ii, 1849, 309. — Titompsox, Birds Ireland, iii, 1851, 

 388. — Brandt, in Lehmann's Reis. Buchara, 1852, 331 (mouth of Ural 

 River). — Kjaerbolling, Danm. Fugle, 1852, 341, pi. 42. — Middendorff, 

 Reis. Sibir., Zool., 1853, 241.— Carte, Journ. Roy. Soc. Dublin, i, 1856, 

 60 (Prince Patrick Island).— Meyer, Brit. Birds, vii, 1857, 147, pi. 307.— 

 Lawrence, in Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 842; Ann. Lye. 

 N. Y., viii, 1867, 299 (vicinity New York City).— Baird, Cat. N. Am. Birds, 

 1859, no. 656.— Evans and Sturge, Ibis, 1859, 167 (w. Spitzbergen).— 

 Reinhardt, Ibis, 1861, 16 (Greenland; crit.). — Coue.s, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phil., 1861, 243 (Labrador); 1862, 294 (monogr.); Check List, 1873, no. 543; 

 2d ed., 1882, no. 768; Birds Northwest, 1874, 620 (monogr.); in Elliott's Aff. 

 in Alaska, 1875, 198 (Pribilof Islands; habits, etc.). — Gray, List Brit. Birds, 

 1863, 230.— Radde, Reis. Sibir., ii, 1863, 382.— Newton, Ibis, 1865, 509 

 (Spitzbergen; habits); Arctic Man., 1875, 106. — Degland and Gerbe, Orn. 

 Eur., ii, 1867, 409. — Dall and Bannister, Trans. Chicago Ac. Sci., i, 1869, 

 304 (St. Michaels, Alaska).— Droste, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 386 (Faroe 

 Islands). — Gillett, Ibis, 1870, 306 (Novaya Zemlya). — Homeyer, Journ. 

 fur Orn., 1870, 436 (e. Siberia); 1871, 104 (n. Europe).— Gray (R.), Birds 

 West Scotl., 1871, 490.— Harting, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, 122 (Mel- 

 ville Island); Handb. Brit. Birds, 1872, 77.— Heuglin, Ibis, 1872, 65 (Novaya 

 Zemlya and s. to Yugrosky Strait), 175 (Arctic Europe). — ^Feilden. Zoologist, 

 1872, 3289 (Faroes) ; 1879, 7 (Prince Albert Land); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, 

 31 (North Polar Basin), 409 (Cape Sabine, north to 82° 34"; Smith Sound); 

 in Markham's Polar Reconn., 1881, 334 (Novaya Zemlya). — Salvadori, 

 Faun. Ital., Ucc, 1872, 295; Ucc. Ital., 1887, 287.— Palmen, Finlands 

 Fogl., 1873, 585; ' Vega'-Exped., I881, 365 (Jan Mayen Land, Spitzbergen, 

 Novaya Zemlya, etc.; n. e. Siberia). — Swinhoe, Ibis, 1874, 165 (Hakodate, 

 Japan). — Bessels, Bull. Soc. Geogr Paris, 1875, 296; Amerik. Nordpol.- 

 Exped., 1879, 312 (Polaris Bay).— Irby, Orn. Straits Gibralt., 1875, 215 

 (Tangier, Morocco); 2d ed., 1895, 301. — Seeboiim and Harvie-Brown, 

 Ibis, 1876, 453 (lower Petchora River, Russia; habits; descr. downy young 

 and nest). — Dresser, Birds Europe, \dii, 1877, 433, pi. 605. — Saunders, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 165 (monogr.); Ibis, 1884, 391 (s. w. France); 

 ed. Yarrell's Brit. Birds, iii, 1884, 636; Man. Brit. Birds, 1889, 663; Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Mus., xxv, 1896, 289, 458.— Blakiston and Pryer, Ibis, 1878, 

 217 (Hakodate, Japan). — Adams, Ibis, 1878, 440 (St. Michaels, Alaska; 

 habits). — Seebohm, Ibis, 1879, 23 (Hakodate, Japan), 161 (Yenesei River, 

 Siberia); 1882, 230 (Caspian Sea), 385 (Archangel, Russia; Kanin Peninsula, 

 breeding); 1888, 350 (Great Liakoff Island, Siberia); Hist. Brit. Birds, iii, 

 1885, 330; Birds Japanese Emp., 1890, 290.— Kumlien, Bull. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., no. 15, 1879, 95 (Cumberland Sound). — Mearns, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 

 V, 1880, 189 (Long Island, New York, March 4, 1880).— Ridq way, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880 (Cat. N. Am. Birds), 206,; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 



1881, no. 660.— Ragsdale, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 187 (Clay Co., 

 n. Texas, 1 spec, Dec. 17, 1880).— Maynard, Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 482 

 (Massachusetts in winter, rare). — Merriam, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 



1882, 257 (Bangor, Franklin Co., New York, 1 spec). — Neale, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Loud., 1882, 653 (Franz Joseph Land). — Elliott, Mon. Pribylov Group, 

 1882, 132 (breeding at Walrus Inlet; descr. downy young). — Bean, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 168 (Cape Lisburne, Alaska).— Nelson, Cruise 'Cor- 

 win' in 1881 (1883), 106 (Bering Sea and adjacent Arctic Ocean; habits, 

 etc.). — Taczanowski, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1883, 341 (Kamchatka). — 



