lO 



HAWAIIAN STONE IMPLEMENTS. 



etc., and it is found in nearly all the high islands of the Pacific. Found with this is 

 phonolite or clinkstone, invaluable for adzes and grindstones ; it is of a most compact 

 .stru(5lure, brown, gray, or even black in color and is a mixture of sanadine, felspar, 

 nepheline, hornblend and nosean.* It is found with the older lavas, and on these 

 islands generally at a considerable elevation; on Manna Kea at 12,000 feet. x'\s its 

 name implies it has a very metallic clink, and old worked specimens often simulate 



cast steel. 



Obsidian or volcanic glass is not a product of the Hawaiian volcanoes but is 



found elsewhere in the Pacific and is important for the cutting qualities of its glass- 

 like fractured edges. From Rapanui in the extreme east come the dagger heads, and 



BHRNICF. PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM. ^ 



FIG. 



OBSIDIAN DAGGER AND DAGGER HEADS. 



from the Admiralty' group at the western edge of the Pacific region come the spear 

 heads and the capital daggers of which a specimen is shown in Fig. 5 (No. 1562). 

 The Rapanui dagger heads, of which three are shown in the same figxire, are of coarse, 

 almost stoii}' obsidian and when used are fastened to short wooden handles. Masses of 

 clear obsidian from New Zealand but no objedls made from it are in this Museum. 

 In Mexico this volcanic glass was greatly used in olden times for inlaying as the Maori 

 used paua shell and also for the keen narrow knives used for circumcision and other 

 surgical operations. 



* The chemical conipcsition of an average specimen is given as ; Silica 57.7. Alumina 20.6. Potassa 6.0. Soda 7.0, Lime 1.5. oxides of Iron 

 and Manganese 3.5. Magnesia 0.5. Specific gravity about 2.5S. 



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