i6o Hawaiian Nets and Netting. 



in rings at the corners. In operation these ends are placed on the sea bottom as far 

 apart as the mouth of the net Avill allow and the sticks elevated at an angle of 

 about 45°. The closed end of the bag drops behind like a pocket. These nets are 

 composed of several pieces joined by aea and growing finer in mesh towards the pocket. 

 In the figure is given a plan of No. 657S showing the meshes and sizes of the varions 

 pieces. This specimen is called upeua nae hinana, or upena hinana and is of par- 

 ticularly fine mesh. Fig. 164 shows a sample of .4 inch mesh in No. 757. The twine 

 in these nets is much heavier than might be expedled in those of such close mesh. 



756. Total length 7.5 ft., depth 4 ft., mesh .2^-.\ in., length of kuku 4 ft. 



757. Total lengtli 25 ft., depth 7 ft., mesh .3-5 in., length of kuku 17.5 ft. 

 6578. Total length 13.3 ft., depth 4.6 ft., mesh .05-.35 in., length of kuku S.6 ft. 



It is probable that the nets described as upcna neliit, itpcna pua, kapuni nchn and 

 upcna iiao b}- Mrs. Beckley and Mr. Cobb would all come under the above description. 



Upena Kaili, or Upena Aai-opelu. — One specimen. No. 760. This is a large 

 semiglobular bag net suspended from two kaka. In position the ends of the kaka are 

 overlapped and tied, making a circular opening. The length of the kaka is the same 

 as that of the fishing canoe. Three men handle the net, one to draw the net to the sur- 

 face, and one at each end of the canoe to untie the ends of the kaka and allow the 

 sticks to spring to. The bottom of the net opens into a small bag, to which is 

 fastened the stone sinker. In the specimen the kaka are wanting. This specimen 

 was made of many pieces of netting of various meshes. On the top is a narrow band 

 7 meshes wide of 2.5 inch mesh. Then follows a band of 35 meshes wide and 2 inch 

 mesh. The rest of the netting is 1.2 inches mesh, and, with the exception of the bag 

 at the bottom, was made in two vertical sections. Each seAion was made up of strips 

 of netting drooping at the middle, gathered at the upper edge and joined at the ends 

 to the netting of 2 inch mesh. B3' this means the native secured the oval shape. 

 Where portions of the ends overlapped, the larger sized net was cut and the piece 

 fitted. The strips and sections were run together by aea. To attach the bag, the two 

 bottom strips were cut in the middle of the lower edge and the bag fastened by the 

 same cord as before. The bag was a broad piece of netting, netted at the sides, with 

 an open bottom which was closed when fishing by tying with cord. It might be men- 

 tioned that the bag is 105 meshes round, while the opening in the bottom of the larger 

 net is only 76 meshes in circumference. This specimen is 48 feet in circumference at 

 the top; the depth, hanging flat, is 19.5 feet and that of the bag 2.9 feet. Upcna kaihi is 

 said to be similar to this net. 



Upena Eke. — One specimen. No. 5310. This specimen is an old untanned 

 bag net, of which most of the bottom is missing. When in operation it is a long hori- 



