8 



Old Haivaiian Carvhigs. 



Be3'ond the limitation of insufficient tools and primitive methods there is a type 

 seen in all Hawaiian sculpture which is strongl}' developed here. In addition there 

 is a freedom and individuality in these little statues, which are doubtless from the 

 same hand and of the same date, seldom seen in 

 the images of the gods. The relative age of the 

 two subjects is shown not only in the breasts but 

 is most stronglj' marked in tlie facial features. 

 The limbs are rendered much truer to nature than 

 usual, with less of the elephantine form, fully 

 separated, and the balance is so well preserved 

 that the images stand firmly on their feet. When 

 found each image had ou an apron of kapa. 



The hair, which in its unkempt state gives 

 a wild though realistic effect to the figures, is the 

 usual coarse hair of the Hawaiian, in these speci- 

 mens of a reddish tint, whether from coral lime 

 dyes or from decay I cannot sa}', but the hairs are 

 certainly very brittle. The method of attachment 

 to the head is that commonl}' used in Hawaiian 

 figures, viz.: a hole, round or square, is made in 

 the head ; a lock of hair is bent in the middle and 

 the bend iniserted in the hole and driven home b}- 

 a flat wedge which is finall}' cut to be flush with 

 the general surface and the hairs are thus held 

 securely without anj^ cement. These holes are 

 distindll}' seen on the back of the head of the first 

 figure where the hair seems to have broken off 

 but not come out. The empty square holes are 

 more plainly shown in the carved bowl (Fig. 7). 

 The eyes are of flat pearl shell, large and held in 

 place without cement. Only one has been drilled, although it was common, especially 

 in the feather and wicker work heads, to drill a rather large hole through which a 

 round head peg held the shell fast and served to give the expression of a pupil to the 

 eye. The Maori made a similar eye of paua shell, but the central peg was usually an 

 integral part of the head. The older woman has a block of artificial teeth inserted in 

 her lower jaw, a curious deviation from the method used in many of the god images of 

 inserting dog teeth. I have never seen human teeth used in this way, although in one 



idol in this Museum (No. 7658) there are cavities in the mouth larger than would be 



[170] 



FIG. 5. SIDE VIKW OF AUMAKU.'V. 



