KILAUEA AND MAUNA LOA. 



Their recorded Hislory to [()og. By William T. Brigham, Sc.D., 

 Director of the Bcrnice Pauahi Bishop Museutn. 



AT the request of the Trustees of this Museum the author of the following account 

 has returned to his studies of nearly half a century ago when, in company with 

 the late Horace Mann, he came to these islands to explore the Geology and 

 Botany of the Group. He is the more ready to continue the record then started because 

 he has collected much additional information and made many photographs illustrating 

 the subject that seem worth preserving, and there are errors in his and other publica- 

 tions on the Hawaiian volcanoes that need correction. The result is offered in a form 

 as free as possible from tentative theorizing ; it is mainly a colledlion of material for 

 other geologists to use at their discretion in elucidating, as far as it may serve, those 

 deeper problems often touched but as yet unsolved, — the source of volcanic heat, the 

 cause of the rise and outflow or ejeftion of the matter usually classed as volcanic, — on 

 these Geology has no positive knowledge. 



When the results of this earl}' exploration by the author on the geological side 

 were published in 1868, followed by a later paper on the same theme in 1869,' no 

 thought was entertained of anj- return to the scenes of these most enjoyable journey- 

 ings, but in 1880 an expe<5led eruption of Mauna Loa brought him back with the artist 

 Mr. Charles Furneaux, and eight years later he returned to make Honolulu his resi- 

 dence. All the time from 1864 to this writing he has kept in touch with the Hawaiian 

 Islands, and although his a6live work has turned aside from vulcanolog}' in great 

 measure, yet his visits to the Halemaumau of Kilauea have now numbered more than 

 forty during these years. Journeyings through the wonderful volcanic region of 

 Central France and along the Rhine; to Vesuvius; a sight of .^tna, Stromboli and 

 the Campi Phlegrsei, and a more careful reconnaissance of the Guatemalan volcanoes; 

 and not least, a journey through the entire volcanic region of the northern island of 

 New Zealand, have kept alive an interest in volcanic matters which was kindled by a 



'Memoirs of the Boston vSociety of Natural History, vol. I, pt. 3 : Ibid, vol. I, pt. 4. The publication of the full 

 results of the botanical part was stopped by the lamented death of Mr. Mann, whose Enumeration of Hawaiian Plants, 

 published in tlic proceedings of the .American Academy of .\rts and .Sciences, procurcil him the honor of an election 

 as Fellow of that .Academy. .\ Flora of the Hawaiian Islands was partly published by the Kssex Institute at the 

 time of his death. 



Memoirs B. P. B. Museum, Vol. II, No. 4.— 1. L379J 



