i8 



Kilaiira and Manna Laa. 



encampment. On a small pile of stones was a sandal with the inscribed names, Paris, 

 Alexander, Haskell, 1859. The sandal looked new and fresh as if just cut from the 

 hide. I was told that a cow once strayed up here in search of water, and died, and her 

 body was found dried and retaining its shape completely. 



The hard compact gray stone of the walls is much cracked and exhibits deep 

 strata as elsewhere. Scattered along the edges, and in various places over the great 

 summit plain were large irregular masses of a solid reddish clinkstone of a sort much 

 used formerlv for stone adzes. Several immense cracks parallel with the crater walls 

 extended some distance. These sometimes contained ice; and on breaking the surface, 



Fig. 13. MAUNA LOA From kilauea at 7 a. m. 



which was some two inches thick, we found a large supply of fine water in the ice, with 



which we replenished our water-bottles. No snow was visible, and it is a mistake to 



suppose these summits within the limits of perpetual snow, as has been stated. Seldom 



in the summer is any snow found here except in the caves where it is preserved as in 



ice-houses. Snow sometimes falls on both Manna Loa and Manna Kea, but, except in 



winter, it disappears as soon as the sun rises. 



At first we did not see any signs of volcanic activity, but at last discovered 



steam issuing from the northern bank. Mr. Mann advised a descent into the crater 



and we attempted it, but after climbing down more than half wa^^ gave it up. Adjoining 



Mokuaweoweo are two small pit craters on the major axis of the elliptical main crater, 



and into the southern one a stream of lava has flowed from the main crater. The sum- 



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