Kilauea Record. 



175 



There was very good walking on the floor of the crater, tlie pahoehoe being unusually 

 smooth. There was evidence of recent eruption from a blow-hole about the centre of the crater wh ich 

 was still uncomfortably warm. The eruption was mostly of a dark pumice stone and a very thin 

 black pahoehoe. 



There was steam and some smoke from a spot several hundred yards out into the crater from 

 the western bank. At the southwestern corner of the crater a dense column of steam was rising which 

 did not become dissipated for .several hundred feet above the rim of the crater. The spot from which 

 the steam issued was covered with very bright yellow sulphur extending nearly all the way up the 

 crater, and about two hundred feet wide. Immediately at the base of this sulphur bank there was a 

 breakdown in the floor of the crater some one hundred feet deep and several hundred feet across. 







'-^^if^iS^^ 



FIG. 105. THE FLOOR OF KII^AUEA, 1S90. 



To return to Kilanea. 



Scplcnibcr ir, /S<^o. E. O. White. — We found two blowholes about six hundred feet apart, and 

 a flow from each of them had covered several hundred square feet. The one furtherest to the soutli 

 looks as if it would soon form a lake about the size of Dana Lake. We next went to Dana Lake and 

 found it quite dead except for a little steam and smoke : walked well on to the lake but found it very 

 hot toward the middle and could see fire in many cracks. 



October 11^ i8go. S. S. Peck and others. — Dana Lake was boiling violently and throwing 

 up spouts and bombs of fire [see PI. LX]. 



Decern be)- 18, i8go. A. Gartenberg. (As seen from the Volcano House) lo p.m.: a long 

 ridge of fire is flowing from Dana Lake [?]. The new lake is spouting magnificently, ii p.m.: 

 There are now two fountains spouting alternately in front of Halemaumau. The tiew lake is in a 

 great state of ebullition, several fountains can be seen playing high above the horizon. 



January 2, i8gi. L- A. Thurston. — Dana Lake and the new lake are in a continuous boiling 

 condition throwing up lava from forty to sixty feet. Dana Lake has built up a wall around itself of 

 from six to ten feet high, and the surface of the liquid lava is about ten feet above the surrounding 

 country. I paced Dana Lake off along the base of the wall, making it eighty paces long. It is about 

 one-half as wide. There are nine active blowholes within a radius of twelve hundred feet, this 

 side of Dana about a quarter of a mile. [The debris cone of Halemaumau is a circular crater 

 with a level fresh lava floor about a hundred yards across.] 



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