i86 



Kilaiiea and Manna Loa. 



stones, lava and "dust" were thrown high into the air with spouting columns of fire, and in the space 

 of less than four minutes the north bank of the lake was tilted up to the height of one hundred feet 

 or more, leaving an abrupt wall over the lake with a steep and broken slope towards the north. 

 A stream of lava has constanth- emerged from the northeast slope ever since. 



Ht - 5w. 

 fK \j. ^ ( B & i- 

 L<i-*.e- 2.-«-oft !/e.low Da.tu>v>,. 



'///■ ^O 





3)a,tu.>w 2£2 /t letow IT H Ve. r a. A. i a.?^ Cro^s 5 e, c, t ^ o >^, 



/jt - -i w 



Lo.k^ 2.0J c-^ocre, D - C u. 



FIG. 115. COMPARATIVE SECTION. 



We now come to a most interesting change in the condition of Halemaumaii. 

 Fortunately Mr. F. S. Dodge of the Government Stirvey had surveyed this part of 

 Kilauea in .\ugust, 1892 (see plan), and we have also his valuable survej^s and measure- 

 ments during and after the changes we are about to describe. In addition to these we 



have the observations of L. A. Thurston, Esq., whose frequent visits to the 

 1894 crater have made him familiar with its physical changes, and from these and 



other sources we can collect the storj- scattered in various newspapers, maga- 

 zines and Volcano House Record. In 1893 the pit had been gradually filling up, 

 mainly by the overflow of its molten contents, which, now here and now there, poured 

 over the circtilar dam or rim which had in this case been formed more extensively and 

 regularly than usual ; but in addition to this elevation bj^ filling, there was evidently 

 a rising of the region around the pit, until in July, 1894, the rim of the lake was but 

 seventy-five feet below the Volcano House level, and the whole surface was visible 

 from the house. This condition is well shown in Mr. Hitchcock's view (PI. LXVI). 

 In August, 1892, the rim of the pit was 282 feet below the Volcano House datum, and 

 the surface of the lake 240 feet below that. In March, 1894, according to Mr. Dodge's 



measurements, the lake was 1,200 feet long and 800 feet wide and its surface had 



[564] 



