148 Kilauea and Manna Loa. 



marked peculiarities; the suppl}' at the fountain was evidently diverted, — Rev. E. P. 

 Baker visited the source several times, and gives us the result of his observations seven 

 years after. The diagram (Fig. 87) will render his explanation clearer. At the end of 

 a large crack about eleven thousand feet above the sea, where is now a pit crater (s) of 

 considerable size called Pukauahi, the flow came to the surface. The crack was on a 

 "divide," and while the Kea stream started first it probably blocked in some measure 

 the discharge, and another stream, called the Kau flow, started in the direction of 

 Kilauea a little higher up the crack. This Kai: flow was well seen from the Volcano 

 House at Kilauea, and for a time it looked as if the lava would reach and flow into the 

 latter crater. Numerous branches flowed down the crest on 

 its southeastern slope, and they are quite easil}' traced from 

 the House, in suitable conditions of light, to the present da^'. 

 The crack ran by the north of a red cone which in July, 1888, 

 was still smoking, and also a smaller cone (marked V on the 

 diagram) which was also smoking seven 3'ears after the erup- 

 tion ceased. Dana seems to follow Baker in considering these 

 cones the obstacle that turned the main stream toward Hilo, 

 but while the matter is unimportant, it seems from the con- ^^^ §7. 



tinned activity that the}? were a part and parcel of the 



eruption, and did not exist before."' Mr. Furneaux' sketch (Fig. 88) shows the red 

 hill in the centre of the view. In the original sketch the hill is of a brick-red color, 

 and the curious ribbon of lava in the foreground is of a greenish tinge, and the pinnacle 

 and ridges of various shades of red and brown contrasting well with the patch of 

 snow on the left. Steam was still issuing from the cone and other parts of the flow 

 when the sketch was made. 



After four months the flowing lava was about seven miles from Hilo; on June 

 28th, within five miles; on July iSth, two miles, and on August loth, it finally stopped 

 three-quarters of a mile from Hilo. Great was the anxiety as the stream approached 

 the apparently devoted town, not only in Hilo but all over the group, for the beauty 

 of the town and the hospitality of its inhabitants were known to all. I am tempted to 

 quote at some length from letters which show the nature of the flow as well as the 

 state of mind, for so wonderful are these flows, so spectacular as well as scientifically 

 interesting, that the words of no one man, however eloquent, can picture the whole scene. 

 I give extracts from the letters sent to me, and others published in the dail}' papers, 

 but all from those well known to me and whose knowledge of the phenomena was not 



113 



Characteristics of Volcanoes, 205, and American Journal, xxxvii, 53, already quoted. 



[526] 



