ig6 Kilauea and Mauna Loa. 



daylight was still pretty strong. A gentleman of the other party exposed his plate in the very night 



and obtained not only the fountains but the cracks also 



In closing, the differences between the activity of the Kilauea lake and that of Mokuaweoweo 

 are to be enumerated. From the molten lava of Kilauea there arises only a thin smoke, that in the 

 reflected light is intensely bluish, and if looked at against the bright sky, yellowish brown. A vol- 

 cano cloud proper does not exist at all as a rule, and only under certain circumstances, mostly in 

 the early morning and again at sunset. The invisible overheated steam will condense to a cloud, 

 but I invariably noticed that the seeming volcano cloud was a free floating mass of condensed steam 

 without any appreciable connection with the lava lake. Mokuaweoweo, on the other hand, as long 

 as it was active, nearly ahicays had a cloud ; and that cloud ahcavs had a noticeable trunk or pillar 

 of smoke : the latter, as I could see from the top, arose almost entirely from the fountains. These, 

 though they .seemed to me far less high than to the party of April 29th, yet were higher than any 

 I had seen in Kilauea; and furthermore, I almost believe (though I could not affirm it positively) 

 they were somewhat brighter than those of Kilauea. 



I maj' add that the clotid commonly over Kilatiea does not have a visible con- 

 ne(5lion with the lava below, but is far from a mere passing cloud (many of these sweep 

 across the crater), but remains stationary a long time, and is at such a height that it 

 is visible from a great distance, especially when illuminated by the molten lava beneath. 

 In Hitchcock's picture the considerable heat of the distant fountains is indicated by 

 the melted snow on the lee side of the crater: on the right, Mauna Kea, snow-capped, 

 is seen above the rim. 



May 6, i8g6. The eruption on Mauna Loa ceased after fifteen days action. 



Jidy II, iSg6. Fire returned to Kilauea at a depth of six hundred feet. This activity con- 

 tinued for three weeks without increasing the lake. After this the lava lake gradually disappeared 

 and the fire was confined to a cone in the bottom, from which lava occasionally poured out. This 

 kept on during August and September, when the last sign of fire disappeared. 



June 24, iSgj. J. M. Lee. — There was again a little fire visible — lasted three days only — 

 down in a cave. For some months smoke has been abundant and dense. 



Kilauea still remained inactive, but on the morning of July 4, 1899, Mauna Loa 

 commenced a short eruption from a crack not far from the point of the eruption of 

 1880-81. In July, 1899, Professor C. H. Hitchcock saw the eruption from a distance. 

 Prof. Albert S. Bickmore, of the American Museum, New York, was here with his 



photographer, Mr. C. C. Langill, who made some good views of the eruption. 

 1899 Of some of these I have colored lantern slides. Three years before the guide 



Gasper had told Dr. Friedlander that he thought he could take a mounted 

 party to the summit from the west side, and this year he made good with several 

 parties. We have a detailed account from one of those who visited this eruption with 

 Gasper, Mr. A. B. Ingalls, of Oahu College,"" from whose published account we gather 

 the following facts: Reaching Mokuaweoweo on the western side, after much the same 

 experiences that have been related by Dr. Friedlander, great volumes of steam were 



'"Thrum's .\iuiual, igwi, p. 31. [574] 



