202 Kilauea and Mauna Loa. 



seen it. Ten days were spent at the crater in this work, and the volcanic manifesta- 

 tions were not of special interest, as the pit remained quiet and mostly clear of smoke, 

 giving us, except on rainy days, good views of the whole area, and permitting explora- 

 tion around the pit, and on its lee side. In the finished model arrangements were 

 made to remove the region around Halemaumau if at any time a marked change should 

 take place, and substitute a remodelled portion in its place. Only the difficulty of 

 finding place for so large a model has prevented the preparation of a similar model of 

 Mokuaweoweo. One of Haleakala would also be desirable, but the survej-s of that 

 vast crater are not j-et sufficient for the work of model making. 



March ig, rgoj. Professor J. C. Branner was at crater. 



[line 21, igoj. \V. R. Castle. — The time has come when the United States Government 

 might well reserve the whole region of Mokuaweoweo to the .sea at Puna, a long, narrow strip to 

 include Kilauea and the Hue of pit craters, a comparatively worthless strip of country commer- 

 cially. It should also include the Koa tree moulds at Kuapaawela, where a forest of giant trees was 

 surrounded by a deep flow of later age. 



August 2j, rgoj. Clouds of smoke ascending from the pit, indicating a cessation of action. 



October 6, igoj. St. Clair Bidgood. — The summit crater Mokuaweoweo broke out today at 

 12:45 P.M. December 8th activity ceased. 



November 25, igoj. Halemaumau again in action, and a lake, forty by a hundred and twenty- 

 five feet, formed early in the morning and remained active until January 10 of the next year. 



Many people visited this eruption, and man}' reports were published,"' but 

 these being generally by inexperienced observers are somewhat in need of pruning. 

 Still, certain interesting matters may be sifted from the mass, and the camera affords 

 us (by the kindness of Mr. C. Baldwin) an indisputable testimony to at least one 

 stage of the outbreak. We ma}- select reports from parties reaching the stimmit from 

 both sides of the mountain. Naturallj^ the first part}^ was from Hilo, and it left the 

 Volcano House by the Kapapala route already described. Starting from Kapapala 

 ranch in the morning on horses and mules, with pack animals and ample supplies, 

 they reached the 10,000 feet level at 2 o'clock p.m., and camped tiiitil 7 A.M. the 

 next day. The stimmit was reached at 2 p.m., and the temperature was reported at 

 several degrees below zero. All were so affected by mountain sickness that, rolled in 

 their blankets, they threw themselves on the cold lava at the brink, suffering severe 

 pains in the head. Those who cared to look saw a small pool towards the northwest end 

 of the main crater, north of the centre of activity of 1S96. Over the rim of this pool, 

 and, according to Mr. T. C. Ridgway, who left a plan in the Volcano House Record 

 which is here reproduced (Fig. 127), the stream flowed northeast for more than a mile 

 with a branch bending southward. The fountains which illumined the high column 

 of vapor were confined to this lake, and the outpouring lavas made a cone as clearly 



'^'Thrum's Annual, 1904, p. 163. [sSo] 



