1 68 tCitauea and Mauna Loa. 



even in Hilo, where there was a heavj- shock felt near noon on the 23rd. The oscilla- 

 tions are reported as from south-southeast to north-northwest. A heavy cloud of smoke 

 was resting on Mauna Loa all Sunday and Monday, January 23rd and 24th, and on 

 the 25th the sun was almost obscured by the smoky atmosphere; on the afternoon of 

 that day a heavy storm of thunder and rain set in. On February 20th Judge D. H. 

 Hitchcock was on the summit and found the crater quiet, but vapors arising from 

 large fissures."' According to Rev. E. P. Baker,"'* the fissure about four hundred 

 feet above the point of outflow was still giving out vapors in Jul}-, 1888. No deep 

 crater marked the place of discharge. 



February /, i88j. Rev. Sereno E. Bishop, D.D., in describing (Hawaiian 

 Gazette) the lava ridges left when the flow had nearly ceased, sa3's: "The whole 

 seemed like a colossal embankment, as if ten thousand cj-clopean trains of mastodon 

 cars had been dumping the rocks of Mauna Loa for a century towards the sea." 



December 2g^ i88j. Mr. J. S. Emerson writes from Kohala, Hawaii, that the 

 view from that place indicates activity in Mokuaweoweo. "Volumes of smoke and 

 steam have been pouring out of the summit crater, but no glow or reflection of fire has 



been observed The summit is heavily coated with snow." On March 29, 1888, 



signs of activity had disappeared. To return to Kilauea : 



August 18, i88y. S. D. Fuller. — "A whitish flame visible about edge at five 

 different points." On the 22nd he adds: "Since my last visit the lake had overflowed 

 a space 250X300 feet. Lava in lake had fallen about six feet. Great activit}' at two 

 points. A bluish flame observed at four points, two being in middle of lake for a short 

 time. A river of lava flowed into the lake from under high central cone." 



January 11, /8S8. Rev. E. P. Baker. — "Dana Lake quite active." Fell several 

 feet in a short time. 



A/)n7 8, /888. Dr. C. H. Wetmore.— "A beautiful fiery fountain." 

 Ju/y, /888. W. C. Merritt.— From an abstract of the letter of Mr. Merritt, then 

 President of Oahu College, to Prof. Dana"' (the original not having been published) 

 we find that Mr. Merritt reached the summit of Mauna Loa at noon of the eighteenth 

 of last July, and encamped near the southeast angle of the crater. The spot was con- 

 siderably lower than the highest point on the west side of the crater, and probably 

 about 13,400 feet above tide-level. Water boiled at 185° F. between 7 and 8 in the 

 morning, when the temperature was at 56° F. The thermometer was at 62° F. at noon, 

 40° F. at 7 P.M., 30° F. at II P.M., and 26° F. at daybreak, so that during the night 

 water froze in a large crack, ten feet below the surface. About half a mile south by 



'" American Journal of Science, 18S7, xxxiii, 310. "'Ibid, 18S9, xxxvii, 51. 



■■"Ibi.l, i,S89, xxxvit,53. [546] 



