Ik' contined tn a siii-ilc valli-y. These valleys can often only be exiilored l>y 

 following the streamhed. nsnally a dangerous undertaking, as heavy downpours 

 in the heart of the mountains are apt to make egress or further ingress impos- 

 sible. It is in such localities and in fenced-in forest reserves that the native 

 vegetation or at least the Lohelioidcac are safe from destruction. 



Interesting and rich in Ldhclinideae are the valleys of West ^laui, like Wai- 

 hee, Waiehu, Ilonokawai and Ilonokahau. In the first mentioned valley we 

 find Cyanea scahra and Vyniira lioIoplujUa growing in dense shade of urticaceae 

 and ferns near the streamlied, while ('ijanea asplenifolia, a striking species with 

 pinnatifid leaves, grows on the small ridges and little ravines leading into the 

 main streambed from the mighty vertical walls of the main valley. On the sheer 

 clififs overhanging the streambed we find Clermontia, Kakeana and Clcrmontia 

 multifloni, shunning the darkness and striving for light as the rest of the species 

 of ('l( riiioiitia. unlike ('nanra, with most of its species shade-loving and hiding in 

 dark ravines and under broad-leaved plants. The species of Vyania are nearly 

 all terrestrial; only a very few, like C. Copciandii, are epiphytic and festoon the 

 moss-covered trees and tree ferns. (Plate LI.) 



Of Cyanea the following may be found in the neighborhood of the 4000-foot 

 level and beyond: Cyaiua hpfoxtrgia, ('. rivulariif. ('. Gayaiia. ('. recta, C. hir- 

 tclla. ('. Kiiudsiiiil and Cyaiiiti sputli iilata, on Kauai; Cyaiidi Iiiniiiil l/ldiri, C. 

 aculcatifiora, V. Bisliopii, ('. iiiarrdstcgid a'nd ('. atra, on ;\Iaui, especudly East 

 iMaui; a few species arc found slightly lower than 3500 feet down to the .'301 10- 

 foot level, as C. frro.r Jinri-idii and ('. afra. On Hawaii we find ('. tritoinnntha, 

 C. plJosa and C. stictuphylla at four thousand feet and higher, while ;it three 

 thousand we find C. noliinrta)i(irra. C. Giffardii, ('. trifomaiitha and <'. Cope- 

 Idndii. While still lower we meet with ('. plafyph ylla, ('. F< riiidi]li. ('. Grime- 

 siana cyliiidrocab/.r and others. 



Nearly all the speeies of Ch rinmilid. with very few exceptions, belong to the 

 middle i'orest region at elevations from 2.')00 to 4300 feet on the various islands. 



The bogs at the sunuuits of Kauai and West [Maui harbor true Lobelias only; 

 neither Clermontia nor Cyanea dare approach but the margins. These flat, 

 extensive boggy meadows are windsw'ept and receive a rainfall of from sixty to 

 one hundred inches or more per month, and it is here that the most beautiful 

 Lobelias can be found. 



