57 



can see from this distribution that the species are decidedly local, and that 

 isolation has produced, or was responsible for these numerous forms. 



Hillebrand describes in his Flora twenty-eight species and eighteen varieties, 

 of these, two had been raised to specific ranl\, one by A. A. Heller, Cyanea 

 spathulaia. and one by I he writer, G. rrgina, once a species described by Wawra 

 and reduced liy llillebrand^ Two of llillelu'and's varieties have been dropped 

 or rather one has been doubtfully identified with the writer's C. Giffardii, and 

 sliould this contention prove to be correct the name Cyanea Giffardii would have 

 to stand as IIillel)rand had not named the doubtful variety, but had simply 

 given it a Greelv letter; for further discussion see under Cyanea Giffardii. One 

 species as already stated has been dropped as no material is in existence, and 

 Hillebrand 's specimen which he doulitfully referred to ( Jaudichaud's plant 

 (Delissea (CyaiKu) Kiniihiaiia) had lieen described as a new species. The 

 species of Cyan(a similar to those of Clennontia inhabit the rainforests, ranging 

 from 1200 feet to 5000 feet elevation. Some species grow in the more open 

 forests along ravines :ind gulches, waterfalls, etc. If we take the species of 

 Cyanea on Kauai we find C. leptostcgia the most common one as well as the most 

 stately and tallest of all Lobeliaideeie. (8ee Plate XXIX.) While it occupies the 

 open forests, and edges of dry ravines with Lubclia yaecoide^i, Wilke<^ia (jym- 

 ■no.riphiuin, Styphelia, Mcfrosideros. Pelea, Xantliaxyhnn. ('eireoiisis eusiimides 

 and others, it loves watercourses and can then be found on densely fern-covered 

 Willis together with Cyanea spailndata Aspleniums, Sadleria .seiaarrosa. Clad i urn 

 Meyenii. Srhiedea stellarinides, etc. (See Plate XXXII.) As we approach the in- 

 terior of the island we find Cyanea leplosteyia absent and its place is taken by 

 Cyanea Gayana. and Cyanea rividaris, the latter is an exceedingly liandsome 

 species with beautiful blue flowers; it reaches its finest development in the gorge 

 of Waialae especially near the head of this broad valley. There the steep walls 

 are one mass of this species growing fifteen to twenty feet tall and occasionally 

 I'.raiu'hing from near the base. There they grow with species of Dubautia, 

 Cyrtandra. Cyanea Gayana, and the begoniaceous HiUebmndia sandwicensis, 

 while Lobdia liypoleaca grows near the high water mark of the stream bed. On 

 penetrating further into the interior of the island near the swampy sunnnit we 

 find practically an absence of Cyanea. C. hirtella is the only one which can 

 be found near the high swampy plateau, especially along the streams of Kaluiti 

 and Kailiili. There they grow' in company with a new species of Gunnera, Tre- 

 matolobelia, Telraplasandra Waialealae, Lobelia Kauaensis, Cheirodendron platy- 

 phylliim, Sutfonia, Sclriedea Jyelinoieles, and others. 



Cyanea coriacea. C. Hardyi and Cyanea Faurici, three closely related species, 

 occur on "the lower levels of from about one thousand to two thousand feet ele- 

 vation. Cyanea Panriei is practically confined to Olokele canyon, but a few 

 specimens of C. Hardyi may be seen with it. The latter species reaches the 

 border of the habitat of C. leptostcgia but does not ascend higher. It grows in 

 compan\- with Eoekia sandwicensis, Boelnneria stipalaris, Perrottetia sandwi- 

 censis, Viola ehanrissiiniiina var. pubeseens, Sida, etc. Cyanea coriacea is found 

 on the windward side of the island and so is Cyanea fissa, and Cyanea Larrisonii. 

 Cyanea Knudsenii is a shrub with a few ascending branches; it is confined to 

 the forests of Halemanu and can be found in the mixed woods of Ko]iiwai 

 together with Al phitonin e.rcelsa, SanNdiini pynilarlnin, I'latydcstna rostratiini. 



