4 .(;i;a('K k. coolkv on 



Soctions tiingoiitiai to the seed give, ot' coiii-st-, ii transvei'se section, or one 

 oblique to the long axis of the cell Tiie I'onn of tlie cell in this view is, in genenil, 

 hexii'>-onal, and such a section brings into view the surface of the cell walls, wher» the 

 canals appear as disks or pits. (Compare PI. 2, fig. (i.) In Ornithogaluni, C4altonia, 

 and Hosta (1*1. 1, (igs. .'i, 4, and 5), the walls of the endosperm cells are not greatly 

 thickened, and the canals are more frefjucnt. They give a truer picture of the 

 nature of the thickening, foi- they appear as processes grown from the wall into tlie 

 lumen of the cell. 



The cells in Tnlijta, Allium, and others have very few canal connections between 

 them, and the walls arc much thickened, so as to give the appearance of granular 

 cell contents, iud)edd('il in a homogeneous mass of cellulose substance. No primary 

 membrane appears, and the cell contents are evenly granular. PI. 1, figs. 6 and 7, 

 are sketches of Tulipa seeds cut in the i-adial, and in the transverse direction, and 

 viewed with different maguif^-ing powers. 



In Paris, the thickenings of the endosperm cells are slight and appear mainly at 

 the auMes. PI. 1, fig. 8, illustrates the endosperm cells of Paris. 



PI. l.fl'^ 9, is a view of the cells when water has somewhat swelled the reserve 

 cellulose. These cells differ from all the others mentioned, in that they contain 

 starch. Lloydia (PI. 1, fig. 10) also contains starch in its endosperm cells, but in this 

 latter case there is a probability that the processes of ripening were not entirely 

 completed when the seeds were fixed in absolute alcohol. The condition of the testa 

 seemed to show that they were lipe, and the seeds were falling from the pods, Init in 

 Scilla sibirica, and in JSfarcissns pseudo-narci ssus, the starch found in the cells when 

 the seeds were discharged from the pods, disappeared later. 



It is to be noticed that in general appearance of the w\alls four types of cells are 

 to be found :-— 



1. Cells which are prismatic in shape, and whose walls are considerably thickened, 

 but with the original cell membrane clearly marked. In these, canals between con- 

 tiguous cells are frequent. Ex. Polygonatum. 



2. Cells where much reserve cellulose is present, and the shape of the original cell 

 is somewhat obscured. Canals are less frequent here. Ex. Tulipa. 



3. Cells where very little reserve cellulose is present, and this is laid down regu- 

 larly on the walls. The canals between the cells are fre((uent. Ex. Galtonia. 



4. Oells where the thickening has bt'cn slight, and this mainly af the corners. 



Ex. Paris. 



Reserve matters in the form of proteids and oil are everywhere associated with 



reserve cellulose in tiu' cells. This kind of reserve is in inverse proportion to the 



