170 EDWARD C. .IEFF1?F.Y ON 



comjilete series of fiiibr} os of J'J. ((rveiise ami h\ /iiiiosimi to (lescrihe completely tlie ciiilirv- 

 ogeiiy of these sjjecies. Moreover, the exainiiiatioii of the earlier phases of development 

 is rather to he jiassed over in this essay since a good deal of attention will he given to 

 the later stages which have heen almost entirely neglected by ]>revions writers. 



Tlie first shoot of /i". hiciixiJe, after bursting through the caly[)tra, forms from six to 

 twelve segments, and tlien ceases to grow. Some time previously, however, the first s(j- 

 called adventitious shoot has emerged below tlie point of attachment of the first foliar 

 whorl of the primary axis. This secondary axis is terminated interiorly by a root whidi 

 originates below its 2)rimaiy whorl of leaves or ocliicola. The secondary axis is followed 

 by a tertiary axis wliicii springs from below its lirst sheath and between two leaf-traces. 

 These features are rejjresented in PI. 26, figs. '••, 10. The next figure shows us a some- 

 what oldei' plant, in which a inunber of shoots have been successively formed in the order 

 indicated by their numeration. It is to be observed that each shoot has a corresponding 

 root. In the stouter later shoots the nodal buds, which develop normally as shoots, are no 

 longer confined to the basal nodes, but appear also in relation to the higher articulations, as 

 may be learned from PI. 26, figs. 10, 11. As each new axis originates well down towards 

 the attachment of the root of its predecessor, the later formed shoots are continually moi'e 

 deeply buried in the soil. Fig. 11. In K. Juctiuilc twelve or more erect shoots are i'oi'ined 

 before a horizontal rhizome makes its appearance, from the base of one of the larger and 

 more deeply buried secondary upright axes. It would be interesting to discover if the 

 depth of the pai'ent axis in the soil has anything to do with the formation of these 

 plagiotropic shoots ; the writer, however, has not made any ex})eriments in this direction. 

 The first shoot of E. Jue)imle has foliar sheaths of three niend)ers, the second shoot has 

 frequently similar sheaths, but more often has whorls (jf four united leaves, then follow 

 axes with verticils of four, five, and six membei's. 



The writer's cultui'es of E. Ihnosum did not produce plants of more than two devel- 

 oped shoots. It is apparently difficult to secure the proper conditions for the continued 

 growth of this species, for, unlike E. hienKt/c, it does not li\e long under greenhouse 

 conditions. Here the first shoot may have leaf-whorls of onl\ two members; in fact, the 

 plants grown from spores obtained from a swamj) aljout fifty miles northeast of Toi-onto, 

 were practically all characterized by this peculiarity. Buchtien (o/j. cit., i). 40) has 

 noticed a similar peculiarity in the case of E. rar'tecjntinn. Sporophytes from spores 

 gathered by the writer from plants on the Ijorder of Ilowanl Lake in High Park, Toronto, 

 had, on the other hand, almost invariably sheaths of three mendjers. A study of the 

 sporogeny showed that in the former case a considerable nund^er of spore-mothers became 

 disintegrated after the tetrad division had taken place. This did not occur in the material 

 from High Park. It is possible that, in the liist instance, too large an amount of spo- 



