NUMERICAL VARIATION IN THE HUMAN SPINE. 



259 



A-lVo. Cat. 9379-20. 



Male, white. C. 7, T. 12, L. 6, 8. -3, (C. 4 ?). 



The extra vertebra is hunl)ar instead of thoracie as iu the last. Tlie 2-Jth vertebra 

 seems rather more free than in the preceiUng case. On the left the costal element touches 

 both the sacrum and the ilium. It probably forms a small part of the auricular surface, 

 but it seems lighter than in the other spine. The transverse process is nearly distinct from 

 it. On the right the transverse process is separated from the ilium by a distinct space. 

 The last ril)s are long : the right, following the curve, 14.-") cm., and the left 13.2 cm. The 

 change of articular processes is below the IDtli, though the left lower joint is a little tran- 

 sitional. The spine of the 1st lumbar is rather thoracic. The spread of the lumbar trans- 

 verse processes increases up to the 4th. The left costal element of the atlas is so rudimen- 

 tary as to be almost imperfect. The 3d sacral does not touch the ilium. The conjugata vera 

 is uncertain, but probably in the 2d. There are five pretty good sacrals, and three or 

 four coccygeals, of which the 1st is hardly up to the standard. 



2. Cat. 9379-41. 



Female, C. 7, T. 12 (or 13), L. G ((u- 5), 

 S. 5, C. 4. 



This spine is very like the last two, but 

 the nature of the 20tli vertebra, which has 

 free costal elements, is uncertain, and the 

 25tli vertebra is almost free. 



The 1st ribs are rather too slender to be 

 typical. The 12th pair is long: the right 

 one measuring along the front curve 14.2 

 cm., and the left 12.3 cm. The free costal 

 elements of the 20th resemble transverse 

 processes more than-ribs, especially the left 

 one. The right, which is curved, measures 

 along the concavity 3 cm., and the left, which 

 is straight, 2 cm. The change in the articu- 

 lar processes occurs below the 19th, but the 

 lower processes are a little intermediate. The spine of the 



20tl 



1 IS 



that of lumbar. 



