NUMERICAL YARLATIOX IN THE IHJMAX SPINE. 



261 



Grotip A. 

 545. Cat. '.i;;7lt-14. 



Male, white, aet. 40. (', 7. T. 1:1. L. 5. S. 5, ('. iinpertVct. 



This spine is put first because liDtli tlii' liaiisverse processes of the last lumbar verte- 

 bra approach so uearly, esi)ecially the riuht one. to the rising lateral masses of the sacrum 

 that it almost belongs iu the last class. On llic right these parts are almost iu coutact, 

 ami closely couuected bv ligament, but thei-c is no nctnal continuousuess of Ixme. The 

 costal elements of the liOtli \ertebi-a arc vcr\ peculiar. The left one, about >!.>J cm lonu- 

 looks like a very thick transverse i)rocess the front of wliicli rises from the side of the 

 body of the vertebra. Looked at from the front, it seems verv uearlv in liiu' with the 

 ribs; from behind, iu line with the transvt'rsc processes. In fact it represents both. The 

 right one, some 3.8 cm. long, is more clearly a composite, for there is a hint of a head of a 

 rib, and also of a separation between the two ])arts. Though these are absolutely one 

 with the 'ibtli vertebra, there is no donbt that the presence of a IMth ])air of rilis is to be 

 admitted. The change in the articular processes is below this vertebra. Its spine, more- 

 over, is more thoracic than lumbar, in short very like that of a last thoracic. The lumbar 

 region, except for the peculiarity of the last vertebra alivady mentioned, is very normal. 

 The length ol the transveisc processes increases to the 

 3d, and the 4th ('J4th) is a penultimate. The 1st pair of 

 ribs ]irobably tends to encroach on the last cervical verte- 

 bra; but as they are detached, this is not absolutely beyond 

 question. There is. however, no reason for doubting it. 

 as this condition is shown in other spines of this class. 

 The 6tli and 7th cervical vei'tebrae present certain pecul- 

 iarities. There are outgrowths of boiu' from the front of 

 the botUes of both, bnt especially from the former, sug- 

 gesting a lesion. Another from the root of the spine of 

 the 7th extends upwards to the spine of the lith. The 

 transverse foramina of the (itii are double on both sides: 



545. 



a noie o 



f th 



e usual size 



having a small one l)ehind it. The sacrum is of Hve pieces, but the first coccygeal and a 

 part of the second ai-e fused with it. The rest of the coccyx is wanting. The i"ight 

 auricular surface touches the 3d sacral, bnt the left stops jnst short of it. All in all wi' 

 have a pretty noi'inal spine with an extra thoracic Ncrtelna. It was measured in the 

 fresh contUtion, luit the 2(lth vertebra, on acconnt of the fnsion of the costal elements. 



