208 THOMAS DWK.in- ox 



Group C. 



This group t'ontains two spines witli two ivxtra pniL'sacral xrrtelii'ae. tlic .ITtli lieing 

 the ftilcrdlix and tiie 2(ith being saciali/.cd on one side. The one first described is the 

 onl}' spine in tliis series w bicli is not ol iiiy eollecting. It was placed in tlie Museum by 

 my grandfather. Professor .lohii ( '. Warren, in IS47. It is very pathological. The 

 secoud specimen was met with in the season of 1 S',lll-1 '.)(Ml. It is also pathological, but 

 much less so, and several of the changes, no doubt, occurred late in life ; while in the 

 former they are largely dc\ dopmentai. 



l^OS (old catalogue number.). Cat. '.CiT'.t-oo. 



Age unknow n, luit the spiiu' is of a iikih w ho had reached, if not passed, middle life. 

 The sex is determined by the ])clvis. 



('. 7. T. l:;. L. (i. (S. -V?, imperfect). 



Like all the others the specimen is ligamentous. The atlas is wanting, and the lower 

 end of the sacrum is lirt)ken off. The right 12th rib is lost, but the cartilage-covered 

 facet for the head is perfect. The sacralization of the 'Jbth vertebra is on the right 

 The spine presents a marked but not extreme spiral scholiosis. not easy to descrilje. It 

 at first rises l)ackwards and to the left, turning fit the 2d lumbar to the right, and again 

 to the left. The chief concavity is on the right of the lower part of the thoracic and the 

 upper part of the lumbar regions. There is a nnich smaller compensatory curve to the 

 left in the upper part of the back, and to the right in the neck. There are uuuiy com- 

 pression changes of the vci'tebrac throughout the spine. 



The spine is otherwise a pathological one. showing serious early derangement of the 

 course of development. There is fusion of several vertebrae of the l)ack and neck, and of 

 the first three left thoracic ribs. An important feature is the great irregularity of tlie 

 laminae of most of the cervical and of the upper thoracic vertebrae. The atlas is wanting, 

 but there is nothing aliout the odontoid to suggest that it was peculiar. The laminae of 

 the axis meet in the middle and are fused, as shall be described presently, with those of 

 the following vertebrae, but below those fused with it there is want of \inion between the 

 laminae of the two sides, as far as the upper part of the back. 



The lid. •")(! and 4th vertebrae arc fused at both tlic boilit'S and the arches. The left 

 laminae arc colli'ctcd into oiu' mass, the lower border of the 4th slanting strongly upwai'd. 

 w bile on the right, though fused, they arc tolei-ably normal. The lower border of the 4th 



