NUMERICAL VARIATION IN THE HUMAN SPINE. 275 



broiul. The bodie.s of the hrst two huiiljar.s are noruial, excepting that both are large and 

 the 2(1 is particularly elongated. The spread of the transverse processes increases to the 

 >id. The hody. arch, and transverse proces.ses of the od hnnl)ar at first appear perfectlv 

 normid. l)iit the lower part of the vertclira is in front continued down, as a smooth mass 

 of hone, to the sacrum, wliirh it joins. From the back of the lower part of this mass are 

 seen projecting on each side two ruilimeutary transverse processes. There is a roughness 

 on the bone on the left, extending to the front from the (jrigin of these two processes. 

 On the right there is a smaller roughness, ccmtined to the side opposite the 4th transverse 

 process. There is but a \aguc hint of any interruption of the bone between the last 

 lumbar and the saci'um. e\ er having existed. Tlie arch and processes of the -id limibar 

 ai-e well developed, but it fuses lielow with the ill-developed parts of the 4th and oth 

 lunibars. The spine of the last is little larger than the tubercle which represents it on ii 

 normal 1st sacral vertebni. Indeed, it is only l)y some care that the arcii of the la.-<t 

 hnnljar can Ije recognized, so completely is it fused with the sacrum. Of the latter there 

 is little to say, except that the ^st coccygeal, distinct from the following ones, is fused 

 with it. 



Here, then, is a case of the want of development of the last two praesacrals, accom- 

 panied h}^ their fusion with the adjacent elements ;ibo\e and below. What seems to me 

 an effort, and a very successfid effort, at comper.sation, is the fact that the change of the 

 12th thoracic to a hnnbar vertebra for all practical pui-poses and the lengthening of the 

 l)ody of the 2d lumliar make a very respectable hnnbar i-egion. in spite of the rudimentary 

 condition of two vertehrae, and of the hjss of several discs. 



Group B. 



24. Cat. 0.37!»->J.-). 



Male, white. ('. 7. T. 12, L. -5, S. •"). ('. 4. 



A i"ernarkal)ly normal spine, the only peculiarity of note Ijeing the tendenc\' to dimi- 

 nution of praesacral vertebrae by the atlas being partially alisorl)ed into the occiput. Tlie 

 bones are fused in front i>retty symmetrically. The laminae forming the arch do not 

 meet in the nuddle. The right one is free, and the left, which is less developed, is fused 

 with the l)order of the foramen magniun. The 1st coccygeal is fuseil witii the sacrum. 

 The other coccygeals, at least three in nuudier. are fused into one piece. Tlicre seems 

 absolutelv notluno- else worth notinu'. 



