278 



THOMAS DWIGHT OX 



34!). (Jilt. •.);;7'.i-:)0. 



White, fciiiak'. iiiiddlc-a-vd. C. 7. T. 12. L. -3, S. -",. (J. 3. 



There are irre^uularities at tlie juiictimi of the l>ark with the neck and the loins, and 

 of the loiuK with the sacrinn. 



There is nothing- icuiarkahle in the neck except that thei-e is a verv niinnte cervical 

 rib ou the left. It is so thorouuhh fused with the vertehra, and so small, that it is recog- 

 nized witli difficultv. it ])rojects but sli,i>htl_\- heyond the transverse process. 



The l!)th vertelii-a has the costal element free on the ri^iit. Imt witliont anv (Hstinct 

 head, and h)okiuu- moi-e like a transvei'se process than a ril». The left one is fused. It 

 is larger than on the liiih I, and nearly like a normal ti'ansverse process. The right one 

 measures 2.2 cm. ; the left about o.2 cm. Botli of them are longer than the transverse 



processes of the following vertebra. The change in the 

 articular processes takes place below the I'.lth. The heads of 

 both the lOtli and 11th ribs are higher than normal. The 

 lumbar region, excepting the lowest vertebi-a. is very normal. 

 Counting the 20th as the 1st lumbar, the transvers.e processes 

 increase in their sprea<l to the '-'nl. Those of the 4th are much 

 smaller. In fact it is ;i typical penultimate. The -jtli is 

 normal on the right, but on the left it shows a low degree of 

 sacralization. The outline of the trans\erse process is distinct 

 aboN'c, but a downward pi'ojection of bone connects it with the 

 toi) of the lateral mass of the sacrum, formiuir ii lai'u'c foramen. 

 This vertelira forms no part of the auricular siu'face. which is 

 entirely on the first two sacrals. The conjac/ata vera is ou 

 the /5d. 



The I'.lth vertebra is rather transitional, at least as far as 

 its costal elements are concerned; but what is more remarkable is the tendency of each 

 region to encroach on the one alnne it. on the left. Thus ou the left the sacrum tends to 

 join the last lumbar, the costal element of the last thoracic is fused, though larger than its 

 fellow, and there is a small cervical rib. Thus there were jirobably once 12 free ribs on 

 each side, but on the U'ft the series begins and ends one step higher. Thi' proportions 

 require the 20th to be counted as a lumbar. 



349 



