296 THOMAS DWIGHT ON 



fulcrahs, but it is so thoroughly sacralized that the line of union of its lateral masses with 

 those of the next below cannot well be made out. The real promontory is above it, but 

 there is a sliglit secondary one below it. The arch is more free than that of a typical 1st 

 sacral should be, and there is something of a spinous process. The conjmjata vera is on 

 the 3d sacral, but is not distinct. The auricular surfaces extend to the lower part of 

 that vertebra. There are six sacral vertebrae, and the sacral canal is closed posteriorly 

 till the last of them. There are five pairs of perfect sacral foraixuna. Tliere seem to be 

 at least three coccygeal vertebrae, but tlie end is broken. The 1st has a very slight 

 development of the lateral parts. 



It should be mentioned that the articular processes of the 22d, 2.3d and 24th, are 

 more or less co-ossified on the right. The change is pathological. 



The spine is very remarkable in many ways. In the first place the scholiosis wovdd 

 seem to be the result of the asymmetrical arrangement of the clavicles and ribs at the 

 sternum. 



The cervical rib of tlie left is the only instance in literature, of a rib from the 7th 

 vertebra going to the sternum without joining the cartilage of the 1st thoracic ril), and of 

 the latter going to the junction of the manubrium and bod}' like a 2d rib. The 

 most highly developed cervical rib, accoi'ding to Gruber, has its cartilage reach the 

 sternum in connection with the one below it. So far as I know, it never before has 

 been seen to go alone. Naturally one is much inclined to call this a 1st thoracic rib a 

 place too high. Were it double, there would be no escape from this classification. The 

 presence on the right of a little projection from the sternum, as if to meet the small 

 cervical rib, would seem to imply that the 1st ril) on this side also was too lugh, but rudi- 

 mentary, as it may be in its normal place. This view is strengthened by tlie resemblance 

 of the 1st thoracic rib on that side to a 2d, and further by the 2d pair of thoracic ribs 

 becoming a 3d pair at the sternal end. 



The only approach to this case, unless H-3 is to be interpreted in the same way, is 

 Albrecht's ('84), whose paper I have not .seen. Pilling ('94)^ in his notice of it puts the 

 case in Gruber's ('69) fourth class in which the cartilage of the cervical rib joins that of 

 the 1st thoracic. He says that its cartilage ends on a piece of bone which articulates with 

 the sternum by a facet between the clavicular notch and the cartilage of the 1st rib. He 

 does not state where the 1 st thoracic ends." 



' Pilling carries on tlie bibliography from the point at which Gruber left it. 



^ After this paper had been presented to the Society of Natural History a case was published by Bolk (1900) in which 

 the 7th and 8th vertebrae have re.spectively on both sides practically normal 1st and 2d ribs. The arrangement of the costal 

 cartilages is absolutely that of the first two pairs. " tile transit ". . . . That is the end of tlie uniquene.'^s of my specimen. I 

 entirely agree with Bolk that the spine, which is practically otherwise normal, sliould be said to have six cervical vertebrae. 

 I cannot, however, accept his explanation. He rejects excalation, which he interprets apparently as the disappearance in 

 ontogeny, or perhaps tlie failure to appear, of one particular .segment He dn^ells on tlie complications that must en.sue on 



