LIVING BRACHIOPODA. 345 



that tliey ai'e comparable to the mid-gut diverticula in the Eutomostraca, and remarks 

 that these organs are generally called livers. Taking into account their physiological 

 activity in these animals, lie tliinks the name liepato-pancreatic the more suitable. 

 Joubin, in his valuable memoir on Crania and Discinisca, has been the first zoologist, to 

 my knowledge, to question the accepted name for these parts. He insists that they 

 are glandular in nature and would designate them simply as stomachal glands and this 

 name I have adopted. 



In the Lingulidae, the stomachal glands are largely developed, branching not only 

 from the stomach proper but from the intestine, from which is sent out a mass which 

 occupies no inconsiderable portion of the perivisceral cavity itself. The masses springing 

 from the stomach quite fill the perigastric cavity. The main openings into the stomach 

 and intestine are nearly as large as the diameter of the intestine itself. In Glottidia, the 

 terminal coeca are in the form of blunt, shallow pouches in clusters of twelve or more ; 

 the mass is very compact and greenish in color and the cavities are filled with diatoms 

 and other food material (51 : 1; 57: 1). In L. anatina the stomachal glands appear in 

 the form of agglomerated lobular masses, the lobules coalescing; with a whitish, membra- 

 nous partition between (51 : ii) . The cavities were filled with brownish granules and 

 the usual mass of diatoms, etc. In the Lingulidae, the stomachal glands form irregular- 

 shaped masses. In D. lameUosa, the stomachal glands appear in the young as long coeca, 

 closely resembling, in this respect, TerebratuHna (5I: 3,4,5). In preserved specimens 

 the coeca are yellowish in color and together form a rounded compact mass (49 : 1, 2) . 

 In B. Stella, the separate lobules are marked by a few parallel lines again resembling 

 the Testicardines. The mass is Hght amber in color, and in life the usual contractions 

 and expansions of the individual coeca are seen (51: 6). In I\ sejjtentrionalis the stom- 

 achal glands consist of long, irregular, branching coeca, marked within by longitudinal 

 bands which are united at the tips of the coeca and continue down into the main branches 

 (51: T, 8). In life they are in continual movement. In my Early Stages of Terebratu- 

 lina, I have figured and described the development of the stomachal glands from the first 

 outfolding of the stomach wall. In T. coreanica the coeca are marked by six longitudinal 

 bands looped in pairs at the tips (51 : 9) . In Dallina grayii, the coeca are more slender 

 and the bands appear looped at the tips (5I: 13). In H. 2)sittacea, the stomachal glands 

 present an appearance quite unlike that observed in any other form studied. In the 

 youngest individual observed, the stomachal glands of one side consisted of three short 

 lobules, within which were irregular brownish folds in pairs, resembhng the appearance 

 of wood-graining (5I: lO) . In a more advanced stage, these coeca were marked by brown 

 granules leaving three clear interspaces which began to assume the spiral arrangement 

 that they finally exhibit in a conspicuous degree (51: 11). In the adult, they form close 



