346 EDWARD S. MOKSE ON 



clusters uf long coeca, the individual eoecuni being often sligiitlv lient at its end. In life, 

 a puUing-down movement of the clusters is seen at inter\als. The coeea are marked by 

 very symmetrical, closely wound spiral bands in pairs (50 : is ; 51 : 12) . In the first-named 

 figure, the appearance is given of a poi-tinu of the stouKu-hal glands irregularly springing 

 from the stomach; it will be observed that the main branches are very large, as they are 

 in Glottidia (47: '2). Schulgin finds a primitive form of stomachal glands in Cistelki 

 lioirdlevskii, the lobules being reduced to eight on a side. He has discovered that Avhen 

 the creature is well fed, the ca\ities of the lolmles are filled with cells converging from 

 the wall and nearly meeting in the center, and tliat when the animal has been kept in 

 filtered water for several days, or otherwise starved, these cells are shriveled, and that the 

 development of the cells is evidently for the accumulation of nourishment. 



In conclusion, the stomachal glands may be regarded as extensions of the absorbent 

 surface of the digestive tract, and are probably hepato-pancreatic in their nature. The 

 facts that they develop as simple folds of the primitive digestive sac, that these diverticula 

 subdivide into numerous branches, that the main branches connecting Avith the stomach 

 are in some forms nearly as large as the diameter of the stomach itself, tliat the various 

 coeca are filled with food material and are continually dilating and contracting, all point 

 to the same conclusion. 



Sense Organs. 



Among the most difficult features to make out in Brachiopoda is the nervous system. 

 There are, of course, certain portions of this system which are always conspicuous, such 

 as the central ganglion of Terebratalia or the oblique nerves in the Lingulidae and the 

 Discinidae, but the ganglia about the oesophageal region and the termination of the 

 smaller branches are certainly difficult to define. With staiuing and section cutting the 

 work apparently becomes simplified. As an illustration of the ol^scurity of these parts, 

 I may confess that, with all my studies of living Terebratulina, even the faintest trace of 

 a nerve has never revealed itself to me. This fact is mentioned as an apology for the 

 very meagre results to be presented. 



The otocysts in mature Lingida lepidida and (tiiatina, I was fortunate to make known 

 first in a brief communication to the Boston society of natural history- in 1877, after- 

 wards published in the American journal of science and arts. In the Lhigididae and 

 the Discinidae, a most casual examination of the coelomic cavity reveals the presence of 

 a nerve running along the lateral walls of this cavity and terminating posteriorly. An 

 examination of this nerve reveals at least the medidlary sheath and neuraxis. In 



