466 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 



gg. Barbels slender and lateral, alonf; the rami of the jaw. Preorbitals not translucent. Pre- 



opercular margin bony and armed with strong teeth Micropogon. 



ff. Pseudobranchiae obsolete; pectoral fin greatly elongate; clun with two short barbels; soft dorsal 

 with tliirty-seven to forty rays Lonchurus. 



Subfamily Otolithin^. 

 Cynoscion Gill. 

 Cestreus Gronow, Cat. Fish., ed. Gray, 1854, 49 {carolinensis = nebulosus), pre- 

 occupied. 

 Cynoscion Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 18 (regalis). 

 Apseudobranchus Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 18 (toe-roe = acoupa). 

 Atraclorcion Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 18 (cequidens). 

 Type, Johnius regalis Bloch and Schneider. 



Key to the Guiana Specie.s of Cynoscion. 



a. Scales not very small, the number of transverse series not over ten more than the number of scales with 



pores in the lateral hne. Two of the middle teeth of the upper jaw canine, but not much enlarged. 



Soft dorsal and anal closely scaled over the basal half to two-thirds only. Caudal fin rhombic. The 



middle rays considerably produced. Snout short and bluntish, 4.5 in the head. Pectoral 1..5 in the 



head acoupa. 



aa. Scales very small, the number of pores in the lateral line much less than the number of transverse series. 

 Teeth in upper jaw in a broad band; upper canines quite small. Middle rays of the caudal fin pro- 

 duced. 

 b. Soft dorsal and anal almost naked; front of head depressed; eye small. Pectorals reaching beyond the 



ventrals virescens. 



bb. Soft dorsal and anal well covered with scales; mouth very oblique; front of head decidedly comijresscd; 

 eye moderate. Pectorals reaching two-thirds of the way to the end of ventrals. . . steindachneri. 



313. Cynoscion acoupa (Lacepede). 



Cheilodipterus acoupa Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Ill, 1802, 546 (Cayenne). 



Lutjanus cayennensis Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1802, 196, 245 (Cayenne). 



Otolithus rhoniboidalis Cuvier, Regnc Animal, cd. 2, II, 1829, 173 (Cayenne); 

 based on "Lutjan de Cayenne," Lacepede. 



Otolithus toe-roe Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 1830, 72, pi. 103 

 (same type as "Lutjan de Cayenne," Lacepede) (Surinam; Brazil; Lake 

 Maracaibo). — Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IX, 1833, 478. — 

 MtJLLER and Troschel, in Schomburgk, Reisen, III, 1848, 621. 



Otolithus cayennensis Gunther, Catalogue, II, 1860, 309 (West Indies). 



Apseudobranchus toe-roe Gill, Proc. -Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 18 (name only). 



Cynoscion acoupa Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1886, 588 (name only); Bull. 



