gilbert: the lantern -fishes of japan 105 



premaxillaries, reaching far beyond the eye. Dorsal origin distinctly behind 

 insertion of ventrals, in advance of the middle of the body. Last ray of dorsal 

 opposite or slightly behind the first of the anal. Last anal ray under the adi- 

 pose dorsal. Pectorals long, reaching in the cotypes to or nearly to the vent; 

 ventrals reaching front of anal. 



Photophores. — Reniform in shape in uninjured specimens, those of the upper 

 series most strongly marked in this respect. A minute pre-orbital slightly below 

 the line joining the eye and nostril. One on cheek, in contact with upper 

 border of maxillary. A small distinct spot constantly present on the shoulder, 

 and another not represented in any other species, above and slightly behind the 

 base of upper pectoral ray. Suprapectoral near lateral line, but distinctly 

 below it. Upper infrapectoral in front of pectoral base above its middle, the 

 lower infrapectoral below and behind it. Thoracics five, the fourth much ele- 

 vated, on level of base of pectoral, the first pair nearer the median line than 

 the second and third, the fourth farther apart on level of outer ventral ray. 

 Distance between the first and second pairs greater than between the second 

 and third, or between the third and fifth. Supraventral, upper supra-anal, 

 posterolateral, and upper precaudal immediately beneath the tubes of the 

 lateral line. Ventrals four, the first pair opposite the inner ventral rays, the 

 second farther out at the side, but not distinctly elevated, on level of outer 

 ventral rays, the third and fourth forming with the second a straight line, which 

 slightly approaches the mid ventral line posteriorly. The four pairs are about 

 equally spaced. First and second supra-anals on the same level, the first over 

 the second ventral, the second over the fourth ventral. Antero-anals eight, the 

 second and third elevated, on the same level, the eighth also elevated, slightly 

 nearer the seventh than the posterolateral. Postero-anals eight or nine. Pre- 

 caudals four, the lower three in a curved line at base of lower caudal lobe, the 

 fourth more widely separated, on the lateral line. In the type, the first precaudal 

 is a trifle lower than the last postero-anal and less definitely set off from that 

 series than in the cotj^pes, where it is not only lower, but more widely spaced. 



In addition to these larger photophores, there are numerous minute lumi- 

 nous dots on sides of head and on body, one of these on each scale of trunk, at 

 the tip of its exposed portion. 



Luminous scales: two in front of upper and nine in front of lower caudal lobe; 

 two or three, with occasional traces of one or two more, in front of adipose fin. 



General color dark brown or blackish, the fins a little lighter. The type is 

 an old specimen bleached in the light. It was much darker in life than the 

 figure indicates. 



