226 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 



ej^e, tapering to a point under first dorsal rays and shortly before base of caudal; 

 shoulder-spot very indistinct, diffuse, extending posteriorly over five or six scales. 

 Dorsal slightly margined with black, three narrow white stripes alternating with 

 dark ones on median part of fin; anal nearly colorless, with traces of white stripes 

 on middle of rays; other fins colorless. In a cotype the ventral and anal fins are 

 dusky, but with a clear edge. 



Of this species we also have a number of specimens from Lake Biwa, resembling 

 the type in every respect. It is distinguished from other species by the number of 

 the fin-rays, short dorsal base, broad lateral stripe, indistinct shoulder-spot, and 

 short barbel. From Acheilognathus tabira it is distinguished by a less oblique 

 mouth, serrated pharyngeal teeth, smaller eye, less depth, more falcate anal, the 

 first developed ray extending always beyond the insertion of the last, and one less 

 ray in both the dorsal and the anal. In none of our specimens is the shoulder-spot 

 so distinct as in Acheilognathus tabira. 



A specimen from Funayado, Kiusiu, collected by Jordan and Snyder, is a female 

 differing from this species by one less ray in the anal, a very short barbel, and shorter 

 fin-bases. The lateral line is complete, the pharyngeal teeth smooth, with a very 

 narrow grinding surface'. 



Key to Japanese species of Acheilognathus. 

 a. Pharyngeal teeth in part at least plicate transversely on the lower lateral face of each tooth (not 

 verified in A. brcvianalis); barbels small or obsolete. 

 6. Paracheilognathiis Bleeker; barbels small. 



c. Dorsal fin very long, of fourteen or fifteen developed rays; shoulder-spot present, close 

 behind opercle; depth 2.25 in length; anal rays nine or ten; dorsal base 3.5 in body; teeth 



all pUcate rhombeus. 



cc. Dorsal fin short, of eight to ten developed rays. 



d. Shoulder-spot close behind opercle; depth 2.75 in length; base of dorsal short; teeth not 



all plicate, scales thirty-seven; dorsal rays nine or ten; anal rays nine or ten. .tabira. 



del. Shoulder-spot five or si.x scales behind opercle; dorsal base very short, 5 in length; 



scales thirty-nine cyanostigma. 



bh. Rhodeops Fowler, barbel wanting. 



e. Dorsal with fifteen developed rays; opercular spot wanting; anal rays fourteen or fifteen; 



depth 2.125 in length Ivngipinnis. 



ee. Dorsal with ten developed rays; anal with ten; depth 2.5; scales thirty-three; no shoulder- 

 spot; teeth undescribed smithi. 



eee. Dorsal with eight developed rays, anal rays seven, depth .3.2 in length; scales thirty-seven; 



no shoulder-spot; teeth little plicate (?) brcvianalis. 



aa. Acheilognathus; pharyngeal teeth all smooth; barbel present, short or long; dorsal short, of about eight 

 rays. 

 g. Depth great, 2.33 to 2. 125 in body-lengtli; no lateral stripe; barbels long, over half diameter of eye, 

 and equal to snout; D. Ill, 8; A. II, 10 or 11 limbatus. 



