48 BULLETIN 50, UISTITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 377 (St. Thomas).— Sclater, Cat. Am. 



Birds, 1862, 341 (Vieques I., near Porto Rico).— Taylor, Ibis, 1864, 170.— 



Gray, List Birds Brit. Mus., Picidse, 1868, 115. — Gundlach, Journ. fiir Om., 



1874, 312; 1878, 160, 183 (habits; descr. nest and eggs); Anal. Soc. Esp. 



Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 227.— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 377; Birds West Ind., 



1889, 172; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 12, 104, 132.— Hargitt, Cat. Birds Brit. 



Mus., xviii, 1890, 159 (Porto Rico and Vieques I.). — Bowdish, Auk, xix, 



1902, 365 (habits); xx, 1903, 194 (food). 

 [Melanerpes] portoricensis Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 201, no. 8819. — Sclatee 



and Salvin, Nona. Av. Neotr., 1873, 100. — Cory, List. Birds West Ind., 



1885, 20.— Sharpe, Hand-list, ii, 1900, 210. 

 Melampicus porto-ricensis Malherbe, Mon. Picid., ii, 1862, 205; iv, 1862, pi. 97, 



fig. 5. 

 Picus rubidicollis Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 63, pi. 117; Nouv. Diet. 



d'Hist. Nat., xxvi, 1818, 75.— Shaw, Gen. Zool., ix, 1815, 156. 

 P[icus] rubidicollis Bonnaterre and Vieillot, Enc. M^th., iii, 1823, 1321. — 



Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, Picus, ep. 62. — Drapiez, Diet. Class., xiii, 



1828, 499. 

 M[elanerpes] rubidicollis Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1846, 444. — Reichenbach, Handb. 



Scans. Picinje, 1854, 383, pi. 643, figs. 4289-90. 

 [Melanerpes] rubidicollis Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 115; Ateneo Italiano, 



ii, 1854, 125. — Lichtenstein, Nom. Av. Mus. Berol., 1854, 76. 

 Picus carolinu^ (not of Linnaeus) Lesson, Traits d'Orn., i, 1831, 227. 



Genus CENTURUS Swainson. 



Centurus Swainson, Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 310. (Type, by monotypy, Picus 



carolinus Linnaeus.) 

 Zebrapicus Malherbe, M^m. Acad. Metz., xxx, 1849, 360. (Type, Picus carolinus 



Linnaeus.) 



Rather large to small Picidse (wing 95-158 mm.) resembling 

 Melanerpes in form but with relatively longer tail (about two-thirds 

 as long as wing instead of half to three-fifths as long), plumage of 

 throat and chest always soft and blended and never red, and with 

 back and wings (except primaries), sometimes rump, upper tail- 

 coverts and tail also, conspicuously barred with white and black. 



Bill slightly shorter to decidedly longer than head, its length 

 from nostril usually about as long as tarsus (decidedly greater only 

 in C. superciliaris and related species and C. radiolatus), usually 

 more slender than in Melanerpes; culmen very faintly to rather dis- 

 tinctly convex, distinctly though not sharply ridged; gonys much 

 longer than mandibular rami, nearly straight, ascending terminally, 

 more or less prominent basally, not distinctly ridged (except, some- 

 times, terminally); supranasal ridge sometimes distinct for basal 

 half (more or less) of maxilla, sometimes nearly obsolete. Nostril 

 broadly oval, situated about midway between culmen and tomium, 

 more or less covered by small, antrorse, prefrontal plumes; feathers 

 of malar apex antrorse, bristly-tipped, those of chin with semiantrorse 



