44 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Young. — ^Very different from adults: Head, neck, and upper chest 

 brownish gray to grayish brown, more or less dark, streaked or spotted 

 with black, sometimes suffused or intermixed with red on hindneck 

 or on sides of head; back, scapulars, and wing-coverts black, the 

 feathers more or less broadly margined with pale gray or brownish 

 gray; secondaries white with one or two broad bands of black 

 (sometimes more or less interrupted) on distal portion; under parts, 

 posterior to chest, dull white to very pale brownish gray or grayish 

 brown, the sides and flanks (especially the latter), sometimes also 

 the breast, more or less distinctly streaked with dusky; otherwise 

 much as in adults. 



Transition and austral zones from southeastern British Columbia, 

 Wyoming, Colorado, and Texas, east to the Atlantic coast; 

 north, regularly, to northern New York (breeding in Adirondack 

 region), Ontario (as far as Muskoka and Parry Sound), Mani- 

 toba (Big Plain; Red River Valley; Fort Dufferin; Winnipeg, acci- 

 dental), central Alberta, and southwestern Saskatchewan (rare), 

 south to southern Florida and Gulf coast to Refugio and Bee 

 counties, Texas; rare and local east of the Hudson River, where 

 breeding, however, north to Vermont (Rutland); casual in Nova 

 Scotia (Ketch Harbor), New Brunswick, Utah (near Salt Lake City), 

 New Mexico, and Arizona; irregularly migratory in northern parts 

 of its range. 



[Picas] erythrocephaliis Linn^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 113 (based on Red- 

 headed Woodpecker Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, 20, pi. 20; Le Pic a tUe 

 rouge de Virginie Brisson, Orn., iv, 53, pi. 3, fig. 3); ed. 12, i, 1766, 174. — 

 Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i, 1788, 429.— Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 227. 



Picas erythrocephalus Temminck, Cat. Syst., 1807, 62. — Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., 

 ii, 1807, 60, pis. 112, 113; Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxvi, 1818, 85.— Wilson, 

 Am. Om., i, 1808, 142, pi. 9, fig. 1. — Bonnaterre and Vieillot, Enc. 

 M^th., iii, 1823, 1317.— Valenciennes, Diet. Sci. Nat., xl, 1826, 181.— 

 Drapiez, Diet. Class., xiii, 1828, 496. — Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, pt. i, 

 1826, 45.— Lesson, Traite d'Orn., 1831, 227.— Audubon, Om. Biog., i, 1831, 

 141, pi. 27; V, 1839, 536; Synopsis, 1839, 184; Birds Am., oet. ed., iv, 1842, 

 274, pi. 271.— NuTTALL, Man. Om. U. S. and Can., Land Birds, 1832, 569, 

 2d ed., 1840, 674.— Hahn and Kuster, Om. Atlas, 1834, pi. 2.— Putnam, 

 Proc. Essex Inst., i, 1856, 214 (Massachusetts). — Sundevall, Consp. Av. 

 Picin., 1866, 50.— Trippe, Proc. Essex Inst., vi, 1871, 118 (Minnesota). 



P[iais] erythrocephalus Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, pt. ii, 1824, 

 369; Obs. WUs. Am. Orn., l'826,[29].— Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, Picus, sp. 

 14; Isis, 1829, 518.— Maximilian, Journ. ftir Om., 1858, 419. 



Melanerpes erythrocephalus Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, pp. xxvi, 316; 

 Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 310.— Bonaparte, Comp. and Geog. List, 1838, 39.— 

 Gambel, Joum. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1847, 55 (Mission San Gabriel, Cali- 

 fornia, "numbers"). — Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 113; Cat. 

 N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 94; in Cooper, Orn. Calif., 1870, 402 (as to alleged 

 record by Gambel for San Gabriel, California). — Henry, Proc. Ac. Nat. 



