14 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



b. Pileum grayish brown, becoming more rufescent on forehead, passing into gray 



or brownish gray on hindneck; wing-coverts brownish gray or grayish brown 



barred with black; feathers of red malar stripe in adult male without any 



black bar. (Colaptes cafer.) 



c. Smaller (wing averaging 157.4 in male, 156 in female; culmen averaging 35.1 



in male, 34 in female). (Coloration dark, like C. c. saturatior and C. c. 



nijipileus). (Central and southern Mexico.) Colaptes cafer cafer (p. 29). 



cc. Larger (wing averaging more than 160, or else culmen averaging more than 

 38 in male, more than 36 in female). 

 d. Wing longer (averaging more than 160); pileum less rufescent; black ter- 

 minal band on under surface of tail narrower. 

 e. Upper parts paler and grayer; smaller (wing averaging 165.8 in male, 

 163.2 in female; culmen averaging 37.9 in male, 36.9 in female). 

 (Western United States, except northwest coast district; interior of 



British Columbia; northern Mexico.) Colaptes cafer collaris (p. 33). 



ee. Upper parts darker and browner; larger (wing averaging 169.9 in male, 

 167.1 in female; culmen averaging 39.8 in male, 37.7 in female). 

 (Northwest coast district, from northern California to southern Alaska.) 



Colaptes cafer saturatior (p. 36). 

 dd. Wing shorter (averaging 150 in male, 152.5 in female); pileum more rufes- 

 cent, becoming deep cinnamon-rufous on forehead, etc.; black terminal 

 band on under surface of tail broader. (Guadalupe Island, Lower Cali- 

 fornia.) Colaptes cafer rufipileus (p. 37), 



bb. Pileum and hindneck uniform deep cinnamon-rufous or rufous-chestnut; wing- 

 coverts black barred with pale brown; feathers of red malar stripe in adult 

 male with a black bar on middle portion. (State of Chiapas, southern Mexico, 

 and Guatemala. ) Colaptes mexicanoides (p. 37). 



COLAPTES AURATUS AURATUS (Linnaeus). 



FLICKER. 



Adult male. — Pileum and hindneck plain gray (nearly no. 6), 

 interrupted by a nuchal crescentic band of bright scarlet, the fore- 

 head usually more brownish; back, scapulars, wing-coverts, and 

 secondaries grayish brown (drab to olive-drab),'^ sharply barred with 

 black, the black bars much narrower than the brown interspaces 

 (except, sometimes, on secondaries) and pointed at the extremities, 

 except on secondaries, where much broader than elsewhere; prima- 

 ries dull black, more or less spotted, at least on middle portion, with 

 light grayish brown or dull pale yellowish (these spots usually 

 rather indistinct), their shafts bright clear cadmium yellow; rump 

 white, mostly immaculate but laterally broken by broad brace- 

 shaped or reniform bars of black; upper tail-coverts white, very 

 variously marked (usually more or less transversely)^ with black; 

 tail black, the middle pair of rectrices duller or more olivaceous 

 basally, usually edged, narrowly, with dull whitish, the inner web 

 often notched or spotted along edge with the same; shafts of rectrices 



o The color deeper, and usually more olivaceous, in winter, lighter and more grayish 

 in summer. 

 6 See Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., iii, 1891, 311-314, 



