BIEDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 13 



vinaceous; under parts of body whitish, hght pinkish, or pale vinace- 

 ous, spotted with black, the chest with a conspicuous crescentic 

 patch of black; adult males with a broad malar stripe of black or 

 bright red. 



Range. — The whole of North America (except treeless Arctic dis- 

 tricts), south to northern Nicaragua; Cuba; island of Grand Cayman, 

 south of Cuba. (Five species.) 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OP COLAPTES. 



a. Shafts of remiges and rectrices and under surface of tail (except distal portion) 

 yellow; inner webs of remiges with proximal portion (extensively) yellow. 

 h. A red nuchal crescent or band; throat and foreneck vinaceous; under surface of 

 rectrices narrowly (sometimes only partly) black distally; adult males with 

 malar stripe black. 

 c. Center of rump immaculate white; pileum brownish gray. (Colaptes auratus.) 

 d. Smaller .(wing averaging about 150 mm.). (Southeastern United States, 

 north to southeastern Virginia?, southwestern Indiana, southeastern Mis- 

 souri, etc.) Colaptes auratus auratus (p. 14). 



dd. Larger (wing averaging 155 mm. or more). 

 e. Smaller (wing averaging 156.3 in male, 155 in female). (Eastern United 

 States, except "Austroriparian" district, Minnesota, North Dakota, 



etc.) Colaptes auratus luteus (p. 18). 



ee. Larger (wing averaging more than 163 mm.). (Northern North America, 

 east of Rocky Mts., from North Dakota, Minnesota, northern Ontario, 

 etc., to Ungava and coast of Bering Sea in Alaska.) 



Colaptes auratus borealis (p. 20). 

 cc. Center of rump spotted with black; pileum clear bluish gray. {Colaptes 

 chrysocaulosiis .) 

 d. Larger (wing 133-146.5, culmen 32.5-36.5); adult male with black malar 

 patch larger and broader. (Cuba.) 



Colaptes chrysocaulosus chrysocaulosus (p. 23). 



dd. Smaller (wing 127-132.5, culmen 29-33); adult male with black malar 



patch smaller and narrower. (Island of Grand Cajonan, south of Cuba.) 



Colaptes chrysocaulosus gundlachi (p. 25). 



66. No red on nape; throat and foreneck gray; under surtace of rectrices broadly 



black distally; adult male with malar stripe red. (Colaptes chrysoidcs.) 



c. Smaller (wing averaging less than 144 in male, less than 142 in female; culmen 



averaging less than 36); coloration darker, with pileum less cinnamomeous 



or else the latter darker or more rufescent. 



d. Coloration lighter, more grayish brown above, with pileum less rufescent; 



immaculate white area of rump larger, the center of rump never spotted. 



(Southern Lower California.) Colaptes chrysoides chrysoidcs (p. 25). 



dd. Coloration darker, less grayish brown above, with pileum more rufescent; 

 immaculate white area of rump more restricted, the center of rump 

 sometimes spotted. (Northern Pacific coast district of Lower California.) 



Colaptes chrysoides brunnescens (p. 27). 

 cc. Larger (wing averaging 148.2 in male, 146.9 in female; culmen averaging 

 37.8 in male, 36.6 in female); coloration paler, with pileum more cinna- 

 momeous. (Arizona and southeastern California to southern Sonora.) 



Colaptes chrysoides mearnsi (p. 28). 

 aa. Shafts of remiges and rectrices and under side of tail (except distal portion) 

 orange-red or reddish orange; inner webs of remiges (except distal portion) 

 pink or salmon color. 



