BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 11 



ii. Bill more slender, with supranasal ridge and prenasal groove 

 running to tomial edge at one-third, or more, the distance from 

 tip of maxilla; under parts conspicuously streaked, the throat 

 not yellow; back with white markings transverse; a white 

 supra-auricular stripe; adult males with a red nuchal band or 

 a red streak along each side of occiput. 



Dyctiopicus (extralimital).o 

 gg. Longest primaries exceeding distal secondaries by more than one- 

 fourth the length of wing. 

 h. Gonys at least twice as long as mandibular rami; under parts white 

 or pale brownish (with or without markings); head broadly 

 striped with white and black; lateral rectrices white (with or 



without black spots or bars) Dryobates (p. 194). 



hh. Gonysdecidedly less than twice as long as mandibular rami; under 

 (as well as upper) parts uniform black, the head, foreneck, and 

 part of primaries white; adult male with a red nuchal band. 



Xenopicus (p. 264). 

 ff. Wing-tip longer (longest primaries exceeding distal secondaries by one- 

 third, or more, the length of wing); tenth (outermost) primary not 

 more than one-fourth as long as ninth; tarsus as long as or longer than 

 outer hind toe with claw. 

 g. Gonys less than twice (about one and a half times) as long as mandibu- 

 lar rami; supranasal ridge higher, running out to edge of maxilla at 

 a point about one-third the distance from tip; tarsus not longer 

 than outer hind toe with claw; longest primaries exceeding distal 

 secondaries by more than one-third the length of wing; middle 

 rectrices broadly acuminate; tongue distinctly extensile. 



Phrenopicus (p. 268). 

 gg. Gonys two and a half to three times as long as mandibular rami; supra- 

 nasal ridge lower, running out to edge of maxilla at or posterior to 

 middle; tarsus longer than outer hind toe with claw; longest pri- 

 maries exceeding secondaries by not more than one-third the 

 length of wing; middle rectrices narrowly and more abruptly 



acuminate;, tongue scarcely extensile Sphyrapicus (p. 272). 



cc. Only one (the outer) posterior toe; inner anterior toe nearly as long as the outer 



one; bill extremely depressed. (Picoidese) Picoides (p. 289). 



aa. Planta tarsi holaspidean; rectrices soft, with slender (normal), shaft and broadly 



rounded tip. (Picumninse.)^ 



b. Nostril nearer to commissure than to culmen; culmen and commissure nearly 



straight; gonys much longer than mandibular rami; outermost (tenth) primary 



less than half as long as ninth; smaller (wing less than 60 mm.); inner web of 



middle pair of rectrices white or pale yellow. 



c. Culmen longer than outer hind toe (without claw), the bill more slender; no 



whitish nor dusky stripes on side of head Picumnus (p. 302). 



cc. Culmen not longer than outer hind toe without claw, the bill thicker and 

 more conical; two whitish and two dusky stripes on side of head. 



Vivia (extralimital).c 



a Dyctiopicus Bonaparte, Ateneo Italiano, ii, 1854, 123. (Type, as fixed by Gray, 

 1855, Picus bicolor Gmelin=P. mixtus BoddaeTt.)—Dictyopipo (emendation) Cabanis 

 and Heine, Mus. Hein., iv, heft 2, July 1, 1863, 74. Southern Brazil and Paraguay 

 to Chile and Peru; three species. 



bPicumnidae Carus, Handb. Zool., i, 1868-75, 245. 



c Vivia Hodgson, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vi, pt. i, 1837, 107. (Type, V. nipalensis 

 Rodgson= Picumnics innominattis Burton.) — Pijnscus Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., 

 iv, heft ii, April, 1863, 9. (Type, Picumnus innominatus Burton.) Indo-Malayan 

 Region; two species. (Very close to Picumnus, but I think should be separated. I 

 have not seen V. chinensis Hargitt, however.) 



