4 BULLETIN" 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



are peculiar to the males alone, and which are lost with the first moult. 

 Marked examples of this are afforded by young females of Colaptes 

 auratus, Dryohates puhescens, and others, of which detailed descrip- 

 tions are given in the text." 



KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF PICI. 



a. Inner front toe much longer, its claw reaching to or beyond base of claw of outer 

 front toe, united to outer toe by at least entire length of basal phalanx of the 

 latter; planta tarsi taxaspidean except in Picumninse (holaspidean) ; clawa rela- 

 tively very large and strongly curved; tenth (outermost) primary one-fourth to 

 two-thirds as long as ninth, the latter always shorter than seventh; tail much less 

 than three-fourths as long as wing or else rectrices rigid and acuminate; rectrices 

 rigid and acuminate or else (Picumninse); tenth primary more than one-third as 

 long as ninth, the latter much shorter than secondaries; culmen nearly as long to 

 much longer than tarsus; nostrils lateral (not nearer to culmen than to tomia), 

 not bordered beneath by membrane or else with a narrow membrane all round; 

 mesorhinium broad; gonys longer than mandibular rami (often twice, sometimes 



nearly foxn: times as long; coloration not Caprimulgine Picidse (p. 4). 



aa. Inner front toe much shorter, its claw falling considerably short of base of claw of 

 outer toe, united to outer toe by much less than whole length of basal phalanx 

 of the latter; planta tarsi holaspidean; claws relatively small and slightly 

 curved; tenth (outer) primary minute, only one-sixth as long as ninth, the 

 latter as long aa seventh; tail three-fourths as long as wing, the rectrices soft, 

 broadly rounded terminally; culmen much shorter than tarsus; nostrils close 

 to culmen, opening vertically, bordered below by a very broad membrane occu- 

 pying greater part of the relatively very large nasal forsse, the mesorhinium 

 extremely narrow; gonya shorter than mandibular rami; coloration Capri- 

 mulgine Jyngidse (extralimital).<^ 



Family PICID^. 



THE WOODPECKERS. 



=Dendrocolapt3e Merrem, Tent. Syst. Av., 1813. 



—Piddae Cabanis, in Wiegmann's Archiv fiir Naturg., 1847, pt. i, 347. — Stej- 

 NEGER, Stand. Nat. Hist., iv, 1885, 412, 423. — Sharpe, Hand-list, ii, 

 1900. 200. 



<CPicidx Carus, Handb. Zool., i, 1868-75, 245 (excludes Picumnidse). 



=Picinae verae Nitzsch, Syst. Pterylog., 1840, 136. 



=Pici genuini Sundevall, Met. Nat. Av, Disp. Tent., i, 1872, 72 (English trans- 

 lation, 1889, 143). 



=Pidnae Gadow, in Bronn's Thier-Reich, Vog., ii, 1891, 269. 



=Pidni LiLLJEBORG, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, 19. 



a = Yungin9e Bonaparte, Prodr. Syst. Orn., 1840, 17; Consp. Av., i, 1850, 112; 

 Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 79; Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 491. =Iyngidse Carus, Handb. Zool., i, 1868, 245; Dubois, Mem. 

 Soc. Zool. France, iv, 1891, 115. =Iunginae Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., iv, th. ii, 

 1863, l.=Iynginse Sundevall, Met. Nat. Av. Disp. Tent., ii, 1873, 74 (English transla- 

 tion, 1889, 146); Hargitt, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xviii, 1890, 559; Gadow, Bronn's 

 Thier-Reichs, Vog., ii, 1893, 269; Sharpe, Hand-list, ii, 1900, 236.= Yungini Lilljehorg, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, 19.>Pia improprii Sundevall, Met. Nat. Av. Disp. 

 Tent., ii, 1873, 74 (includes Picumnus!). 



An exclusively Old World (western Palaearctic and Ethiopian) family, represented 

 by a single genus {Jynx Linnsexis) of four species. 



