2 BULLETIISr 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



(other siiperf amilies) ; caeca absent (except in Galbulse) ; flexor 

 tendons of type VI, the tendon of the flexor hallucis sending a 

 strong vincukim to that of the flexor perforans digitorum, the tendon 

 of which goes to the third toe only; intestinal convolutions (so far 

 as known) of type VII; semitendinosus muscle present; accessory 

 femoro-caudal muscle absent; dorsal pteryla not forked between 

 shoulders; adult downs absent; aftershaft present (but sometimes 

 rudimentary) ; oil-gland tufted (Pici, Capitones, Ramphastides) or 

 naked (Galbulse) ; secondaries quinto-cubital ; young gymnopsedic and 

 nidicolous. 



KEY TO THE SUPERrAMILIES OF PICARI/E. 



a. Temporal fossae very deep; thoracic heemapophyses without lateral ventral enlarge- 

 ments; fm-cula without hypocleideum; ectepicondyloid process of humerus pres- 

 ent; only one carotid artery (the left); caeca absent; oil-gland tufted; wing-coverts 

 oscinine (a row of proximally overlapping middle coverts present). 

 6. Palate saurognathous or segitho-schizognathous; lateral halves of vomer separated; 

 processus angularis mandibulae present (short); clavicles united to form a 

 fuurculum; manubrial rostrum bifurcate; myological formula AX; tongue ex- 

 tensile Pici (p. 2). 



bb. Palate desmognathoua or asgithognathous; lateral halves of vomer coalesced; 

 processus angularis mandibulae absent; clavicles separated; manubrial ros- 

 trum pointed; myological formula AXY; tongue not extensile. 

 c. Aftershaft present; palate usually aegithognathous (sonietimes desmognathous); 

 vomer bifurcate ; spina externa long, somewhat forked ; bill not highly special- 

 ized, little if any longer than head (usually shorter), broad basally, the cul- 

 men neither strongly decurved nor uncinate terminally... Capitones (p. 310). 

 cc. Aftershaft wanting or rudimentary; palate desmognathous; vomer truncate; 

 spina externa long, not paired; bill highly specialized, much longer than 

 head, compressed throughout, the culm en strongly deciu-ved terminally, 



and distinctly uncinate Ramphastides (p. 327). 



aa. Temporal fossae shallow or moderately deep; thoracic haemapophysea with lateral 

 ventral enlargements; furcula with hypocleideum; ectepicondyloid process of 

 humerus absent ; two carotid arteries; caeca present ; oil-gland nude; wing-coverts 

 nonoscinine (the proximally overlapping middle covert row wanting or im- 

 perfectly developed) Galbulse (p. 359). 



Superfamily FICI. 



WOODPECKERS AND WRYNECKS. 



=SagUtiKngues Illiger, Prodromus Om., 1811, 205. 



=[Zygodactyli\ Macroglossi Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, 26. 



=Pici (not of Meyer and Wolf, 1810) Wagler, Nat. Syst. Amphib. mit Vorang. 

 Saugth. und Vog., 1830, 81.— Carus, Handb. Zool., i, 1868-75, 242.— Sundb- 

 VALL, Met. Nat. Av. Disp. Tent., i, 1872, 72.— Sclater, Ibis, 1880, 350.— 

 Sharpe, Rev. Classif. Birds, 1891, 84; Hand-list, ii, 1900, 200. 



=Pidd3e Bonaparte, Saggio dist. An. Vert., 1831, 40; Consp. Av., i, 1850, 

 112. — Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., iv, 1863, 1. — Fuerbringer, 

 TJnters. Morph. Syst. Vog., ii, 1888, 1392. — Lilljeborg, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lend., 1866, 16, 19. 



= Celeomorphx Huxley, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 467. 



=Pidformes Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 476. 



=Saurognaihss Parker, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. — Cope, Am. Nat., xxiii, Oct., 

 1889, 872. 



=Pic(ndei Cope, Am. Nat., xxiii, Oct., 1889, 872, 873. 



