116 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



and Can., Land Birds, 1832, 577; 2d ed., 1840, 679.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., 

 V, 1839, 176, pi. 416; Synopsis, 1839, 184; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 280, 

 pi. 272.— Baird, in Stansbury's Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 319 (Great Salt 

 Lake Valley). — Sundevall, Consp. Av. Picin., 1866, 51. 



P[icus] torquatus Bonnaterre and Vieillot, Enc. Meth., iii, 1823, 1310.— Bona- 

 parte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, pt. ii, 1824, 370; Obs. Wils. Am. 

 Om., 1826, [31].— Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, Picus, sp. 82. 



Melanerpes torquatus Jardine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., i, 1832, 321, pi. 20, fig. 3. — 

 SwAiNSON, Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 310.— Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 

 1838, 40.— Gambel, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1847, 56.— Heermann, Journ. 

 Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1853, 270; Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, pt. vi, 1859, 58 

 (Tejun Pass, etc., California).— Newberry, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., vi, 

 pt. iv, 1855, 90 (Lassens Butte, California; Cascade Mts., Oregon; habits).— 

 Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1858, 2 (Scott's Valley, California).— Baird, 

 Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 115; Cat. N. Am. Bhds, 1859, no. 96.— 

 Cassin, Orn. Wilkes' Expl. Exped., 1858, 242 (Oregon); Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 

 Phila., 1863, 327 (Ft. Tejon, California; crit.).— Cooper and Suckley, Rep. 

 Pacific R. R. Surv., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 161 (Washington and Oregon; habits).— 

 Blakiston, Ibis, 1862, 3 (Bow R., east base of Rocky Mts., lat. 51°); 1863, 

 53 (Bow R.).— Lord, Proc. Roy. Artil. Inst. Woolw., iv, 1864, 112 (Brit. 

 Columbia; nesting habits) .—Coues, Ibis, 1865, 162 (Ft. \\Tiipple, Arizona).— 

 Cooper, Orn. Calif., 1870, 406.— Aiken, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1872, 207 

 (Colorado).— Stevenson, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., i, 1870, 463 (Snake 

 R., Yellowstone R., Wind River Mts., and Bighorn Mts.).— Allen, Bull. 

 Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 151 (Monument Park and Plum Creek, Colorado); 

 Auk, iii, 1886, 428 (descr. young).— Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. 

 N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 561, pi. 54, fig. 5.— Henshaw, Ann. Lye. N. Y., xi, 

 1874, 9 (Utah); Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 397 (localities in Utah, 

 Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona).— Bendire, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 

 xix, 1877, 130 (Camp Harney, e. Oregon; descr. eggs); Life Hist. N. Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1895, 117.— Ridgway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 553 (Sacramento, 

 California; Carson City and upper Humboldt Valley, Nevada); Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 189; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 376.— Belding, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus., i, 1879, 430 (Marysville and Stockton, California, Feb.- 

 _A.pi.il). —Allen and Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 196 

 (Colorado Springs, etc., Colorado, breeding).— Drew, Auk, ii, 1885, 17 

 (Colorado, 5,000-8,000 ft. in summer, 4,000-7,000 ft. in winter).- Beckham, 

 Auk, ii, 1885, 143 (Pueblo, Colorado).— Scott, Auk, iii, 1886, 427 (Santa 

 Catalina Mts. and near Tucson, Arizona, migratory).— American Ornithol- 

 ogists' Union, Check List, 1886 (and 2d ed., 1895), no. 408.— Evermann, 

 Auk, iii, 1886, 94 (Ventura Co., California, Nov.).— Anthony, Auk, iii, 1886, 

 165 (Washington Co., Oregon, common resid.).— Lloyd, Auk, iv, 1887, 191 

 (Spring Creek, Concho R., etc., w. Texas, winter).— Cooke, Bird Migr. Miss. 

 Val., 1888, 132 (Ellis, Kansas; Black Hills, South Dakota; San Angelo and 

 Spring Creek, w. Texas); Bull. Col. Agric. Coll., no. 44, 1898, 162 (Rouse 

 Junction, s. Colorado, breeding).— Merrill, Auk, v, 1888, 255 (Ft. Elamath, 

 Oregon, summer resid.).— Shufeldt, Auk, v, 1888, 319 (Ft. Wingate, New 

 Mexico, Spring).— Meajrns, Auk, vii, 1890, 254 (Mogollon Mts., etc., Arizona; 

 habits).— Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., iii, 1890, 139 (int. Brit. Colum- 

 bia).— Merriam, North Am. Fauna, no. 3, 1890, 92 (San Francisco Mt., Ari- 

 zona, breeding); no. 5, 1891, 97 (Henry Fork of Snake R. and Ft. Lapwai, 

 Idaho, breeding).— Fannin, Check List Birds Brit. Col., 1891, 29 (e. side 

 Cascade Mts.; Vancouver I., rare).— Lawrence (R. H.), Auk, ix, 1892, 355 



