BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 165 



one-fifth the distance from tip to base of tomium. Nostril longi- 

 tudinally elliptical, situated about midway between culmen and 

 tomium, covered by a distinct tuft of antrorse prefrontal hair-Hke 

 feathers. Feathers of malar apex antrorse, forming a conspicuous, 

 closely appressed, pointed tuft, those of the chin also antrorse, form- 

 ing a broad flattened tuft covering lower base of mandible. Orbits 

 partly naked, but margin of eyelids feathered, especially posterior 

 portion of the lower. Wing moderate, with relatively short second- 

 aries, the longest primaries exceeding distal secondaries by about one- 

 tliird the length of wing; sixth, seventh, and eighth primaries longest, 

 the ninth intermediate between third and fourth, the tenth (outer- 

 most) nearly half as long as ninth, very narrow, subfalcate. Tail 

 about three-fifths as long as wing; four middle rectrices subequal 

 (the middle pair slightly longer than the next), very narrow their 

 entire length, with both webs of middle pair and inner web of next 

 pair strongly deflected (folded downward), except terminally, the 

 shaft very large and strong, broadly and deeply grooved along under 

 side, bent upward near middle portion, then bent downward (de- 

 curved) terminally. Tarsus longer than outer hind toe without claw, 

 the latter much longer than outer anterior toe with claw; all the 

 claws extremely large and strongly curved, that of the hallux, how- 

 ever, distinctly smaller than the rest. 



Coloration. — General color glossy blue-black, the secondaries, tip 

 of imier (proximal) primaries, under wing-coverts, and stripe along 

 each side of interscapular area (m two species also a broad white 

 stripe along side of neck, and the postnasal tufts) white; adult male 

 with the very conspicuous, compressed, pointed, and sHghtly recurved 

 occipito-nuchal crest bright red, adult females with the crest glossy 

 blue-black and more distinctly (sometimes conspicuously) recurved; 

 bill ivory wliite or yellowish. 



Range. — Southeastern United States, Cuba, and north-central 

 Mexico. (Three species.) 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CAMPEPHILUS. 



a. Nasal tufts black; no white stripe on head or neck; larger (wing 292-320, culmen 



72.5-85.5). (North-central Mexico.) Campephilus imperialis (p. 166). 



aa. Nasal tufts and a stripe along side of head and neck white; smaller (wing 236-263, 

 culmen 58-72.5). 

 b. Larger (wing 240-263, culmen 61-72.5); white stripe on side of head not extend- 

 ing to near rictus; nasal tufts much larger. (Southeastern United States; for- 

 merly to southern Virginia, lower Ohio Valley, southeastern Missouri, etc., 

 now extirpated over by far the greater portion of its former range.) 



Campephilus principalis (p. 167). 

 hb. Smaller (wing 236-255, culmen 58-61); white stripe on side of head continued 

 nearly if not quite to rictus; nasal tufts smaller. (Cuba.) 



Campephilus bairdii (j). 169). 



